linux help topics

Broadcom + fedora 15

2012-01-16T17:29:00.001+05:30

Download

broadcom-wl-4.150.10.5.tar.bz2

then extract

[root@localhost tmp]# tar xjf broadcom-wl-4.150.10.5.tar.bz2

change dir

broadcom-wl-4.150.10.5

Make sure b43-fwcutter tool installed.

after that just hit below command

[root@localhost driver]# b43-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware/ wl_apsta_mimo.o
This file is recognised as:
ID : FW13
filename : wl_apsta_mimo.o
version : 410.2160
MD5 : cb8d70972b885b1f8883b943c0261a3c
Extracting b43/pcm5.fw
Extracting b43/ucode15.fw
Extracting b43/ucode14.fw
Extracting b43/ucode13.fw
Extracting b43/ucode11.fw
Extracting b43/ucode9.fw
Extracting b43/ucode5.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals15.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals15.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals14.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals14.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/lp0bsinitvals13.fw
Extracting b43/lp0initvals13.fw
Extracting b43/n0absinitvals11.fw
Extracting b43/n0bsinitvals11.fw
Extracting b43/n0initvals11.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals9.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals9.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/a0g1initvals5.fw
Extracting b43/a0g0initvals5.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0bsinitvals5.fw
Extracting b43/b0g0initvals5.fw

Wait for 1-2 min, your wifi connection UP.

enjoy

NFS setup in Fedora16

2011-12-15T15:47:00.002+05:30

To Setup nfs Network File System (NFS) follow the following steps.

Need to edit file like below

#vi /etc/exports

/home/ramank *(rw,sync)

Save the file.

Or you can perform above step by system-config-nfs (gui)

[root@raman ~]# yum install system-config-nfs.noarch

Running Transaction
Installing : system-config-nfs-1.3.51-2.fc15.noarch 1/1

Installed:
system-config-nfs.noarch 0:1.3.51-2.fc15

Now here is catch in fedora 16.

Service name changed in fedora 16.

1st enable the service and then start like below.

[root@raman systemd]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service
ln -s '/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service'

[root@raman systemd]# systemctl start nfs-server.service

[root@raman ~]# showmount -e 10.131.11.199
Export list for 10.131.11.199:
/home/ramank *

enjoy with your NFS.

Raman

Install JBoss 6 Application server on RedHat 5

2011-12-02T15:30:00.003+05:30

Download form here

http://www.jboss.org/jbossas/downloads/

jboss-as-distribution-6.1.0.Final.zip

[root@localhost Desktop]# cp jboss-as-distribution-6.1.0.Final.zip /usr/share/

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd /usr/share/

[root@localhost share]# unzip jboss-as-distribution-6.1.0.Final.zip

now here you can see dir with name jboss-6.1.0.Final

####Now create jboss user & group

[root@localhost share]# groupadd jboss

[root@localhost share]# useradd -s /bin/bash -g jboss jboss

###Give ownership to jboss user to manage

[root@localhost share]# chown -R jboss:jboss jboss-6.1.0.Final

Now set bash profile for jboss.

[root@localhost jboss-6.1.0.Final]# su - jboss

[jboss@localhost ~]$ ls

[jboss@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export PATH
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_01
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
JBOSS_HOME=/usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final
export JBOSS_HOME

save the file and execute

[jboss@localhost ~]$ . .bash_profile

To test bash profile setting, run following command.

[jboss@localhost ~]$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_01

[jboss@localhost ~]$ echo $JBOSS_HOME
/usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final

Service script for JBoss i.e Stop/start/restart.

[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final/bin

[root@localhost bin]# cp jboss_init_redhat.sh /etc/init.d/jboss

Now edit this file.

18 JBOSS_HOME=${JBOSS_HOME:-"/usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final"}

23 #make sure java is in your path
24 JAVAPTH=${JAVAPTH:-"/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_01"}

29 #if JBOSS_HOST specified, use -b to bind jboss services to that address
30 JBOSS_HOST="0.0.0.0"
31 JBOSS_BIND_ADDR=${JBOSS_HOST:+"-b $JBOSS_HOST"}

Note :- HOST 0.0.0.0 mean allow JBoss to bind to any IP.

Now run JBoss service.

[root@localhost bin]# cd /etc/init.d/

[root@localhost init.d]# chmod 755 jboss

[root@localhost init.d]# /etc/init.d/jboss start
JBOSS_CMD_START = cd /usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final/bin; /usr/share/jboss-6.1.0.Final/bin/run.sh -c default -b 0.0.0.0

Make sure Jboss service start

try in browser.

http://systemip:8080

Default username-password admin/admin.

Update Java in RedHat 5.5 /RHEL

2011-12-02T13:42:00.002+05:30

Step to update update in Rehdat 5.5 32 bit.

1) Check current Java verison.

[root@localhost ~]# java --version
java version "1.4.2"
gij (GNU libgcj) version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)

Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

2) Default Java package in RedHat is

java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-40jpp.115

Download latest JDK.

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk-7u1-download-513651.html

Pkg name :- jdk-7u1-linux-i586.rpm

Install the pkg

#rpm -Uvh jdk-7u1-linux-i586.rpm

Then just create symbolic link which point to new java installation.

[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_01/bin/java /usr/bin/java

Now test your Java version.

[root@localhost bin]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_01"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_01-b08)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 21.1-b02, mixed mode, sharing)

That all,now next post Installing JBoss.

Reconstruct initrd.img

2011-11-18T15:34:00.002+05:30

[root@localhost video]# mkdir /cdiso

[root@localhost video]# cp -av /media/Fedora\ 15\ i386\ DVD* /cdiso/

[root@localhost cdiso]# mkdir /initimg

[root@localhost nouveau]# ls -lSh
total 224K
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 221K Nov 18 15:18 nouveau.ko.gz

[root@localhost nouveau]# gunzip nouveau.ko.gz
[root@localhost nouveau]# ls
nouveau.ko
[root@localhost nouveau]# ls -ltrh
total 564K

[root@localhost pxeboot]# ls
initrd.img initrd-PAE.img TRANS.TBL vmlinuz vmlinuz-PAE

[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp initrd.img /initimg/

[root@localhost initimg]# cp /cdiso/Fedora\ 15\ i386\ DVD/isolinux/initrd.img .

[root@localhost initimg]# ls -lSh
total 94M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 94M Nov 18 15:18 initrd.img
[root@localhost initimg]# xz -d -c initrd.img | cpio -i --make-directories
720557 blocks

[root@localhost initimg]# ls
bin etc init lib proc run selinux tmp var
dev firmware initrd.img modules root sbin sys usr

[root@localhost initimg]# find ./ | cpio --create --format='newc' > initrd.cpio
cpio: File ./initrd.cpio grew, 328701952 new bytes not copied
1363238 blocks

[root@localhost initimg]# ls
bin etc init lib proc run selinux tmp var
dev firmware initrd.cpio modules root sbin sys usr

[root@localhost initimg]# gzip initrd.cpio

[root@localhost initimg]# ls
bin etc init lib proc run selinux tmp var
dev firmware initrd.cpio.gz modules root sbin sys usr

[root@localhost initimg]# mv initrd.cpio.gz initrd.img

Dell Latitude E6420 Ethernet working

2011-11-17T22:17:00.002+05:30

I test this on Dell Latitude E6420 with Ubuntu9.04 (Desktop)

After Installation found Ethernet not working, even ifconfig shows only lo (loop back device).

So for that run following command.

#lspci -nn

Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:1502]

After google, found this page.

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/catalog/component/pci:1502:8086-NETWORK

Then i download driver from Intel sites.

http://downloadcenter.intel.com/

Then search for 82579 under Linux section

Network Adapter Driver for PCI-E Gigabit Network Connections under Linux*

The e1000e Linux* stable base driver for the Intel® PCI-Express* gigabit ethernet adapters/connections.

OS: Linux*

http://downloadcenter.intel.com/Detail_Desc.aspx?agr=Y&DwnldID=15817&lang=eng&OSVersion=Linux*&DownloadType=%0ADrivers%0A

Download following driver.

e1000e-1.6.3.tar.gz

And install.

#tar -xvzf e1000e-1.6.3.tar.gz

#cd e1000e-1.6.3/src/

Under this dir use following command for Installation.

make install

take hardly 2 min for installation.

Reboot your machine... finally your Ethernet working.

XEN images mount -block device

2011-05-04T16:36:00.001+05:30

some brief:- A server with centos contain 10 Virtual machines, (xen virtual machine), i planned to migrate xen to KVM.

All VM run under LVM partition. So i start 1 vm and update kernel (non-xen kernel) and do the changes under grup.conf to make sure VM will boot under non xen kernel. After that system restart, after restart i realized i need some conf file..but this time system unable to boot.

So here i did some chnages in VM, to make boot under xen kernel.

here are the steps.

#fdisk -l /dev/vmImage/my1sqmail01

#kpartx -a /dev/vmImage/my1sqmail01

#ls -l /dev/mapper/

#mount -o rw /dev/mapper/my1sqmail01p1 /opt

#cd /opt/

#vi grub/grub.conf

here i change boot order make sure system boot under xen kernel..and save file.

#umount /opt

#kpartx -d /dev/vmImage/sgd1sqmail01

now run your VM and enjoyee..

yum: rpm is not signed

2011-04-28T14:35:00.000+05:30

#yum install pgadmin3*

at last message, rpm not signed.

Resolution:-

edit /etc/yum.conf

replace gpgcheck=1 to gpgcheck=0

Save file then again run yum command.

Packages installed successfully.

LVM mount steps (img + LVM)

2011-04-26T16:55:00.002+05:30

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# fdisk -lu /dev/VmImage/globe1

Disk /dev/VmImage/globe1: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders, total 52428800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/VmImage/globe1p1 * 63 208844 104391 83 Linux
/dev/VmImage/globe1p2 208845 52420094 26105625 8e Linux LVM

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# kpartx -av /dev/VmImage/globe1
add map globe1p1 : 0 208782 linear /dev/VmImage/globe1 63
add map globe1p2 : 0 52211250 linear /dev/VmImage/globe1 208845

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2
Found volume group "VmImage" using metadata type lvm2
Found volume group "system" using metadata type lvm2

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# vgchange -ay VolGroup00
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "VolGroup00" now active

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# lvs
LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-a- 22.94G
LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-a- 1.94G

[root@inf1basevm01 mnt]# mount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 /mnt
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 looks like swapspace - not mounted
mount: you must specify the filesystem type

[root@inf1basevm01 mnt]# mount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /mnt
[root@inf1basevm01 mnt]# cd /mnt/
[root@inf1basevm01 mnt]# ls
app dev lib media net proc selinux tmp var
bin etc lib64 misc opt root srv u01
boot home lost+found mnt poweroff sbin sys usr

#######################################################################################
cd /var/lib/xen/images/
umount /mnt/sandbox/
lomount -diskimage B1web1.img -partition 1 /mnt/sandbox
vi /mnt/sandbox/grub/grub.conf
umount /mnt/sandbox/

NTP Server setup + client setup

2011-04-09T13:41:00.000+05:30

NTP Server

Steps to install NTP server.
# yum install ntp
Then sync server with 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org, to obtain accurate time data.
After that Open /etc/ntp.conf
Make sure the following line exits:
restrict default ignore
This will deny all access to any machine, server or client.

If this server is also going to provide time for other computers, such as PCs, other Linux servers and networking devices, then you'll have to define the networks from which this server will accept NTP synchronization requests. You do so with a modified restrict statement removing the noquery keyword to allow the network to query your NTP server. The syntax is:

restrict 10.65.136.128 mask 255.255.255.128 nomodify notrap

At last you need to server value like this
server 10.23.14.30
(my local time server all device sync with this
devices or you can use public server for date time.)

NTP Started

# chkconfig ntpd on
# service ntpd start

NTP – Client Setup
For client setup make sure rpm installed.
# yum install ntp
Open ntp.conf file and disable all public server just add a new line like below
server 10.65.136.154
Save the file and exit. The run ntpdate command to sync with your ntp server.
[root@tc1oltp1 ~]# ntpdate 10.65.136.154

29 Mar 21:39:03 ntpdate[15974]: adjust time server 10.65.136.154 offset 0.000039 sec

Now make sure services on at boot time.
[root@tc1oltp1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd on
[root@tc1oltp1 ~]# /etc/init.d/ntpd start

Starting ntpd: [ OK ]

Verifying NTP is Running

[root@tc1oltp1 ~]# pgrep ntpd
16099

Use the ntpq command to see the servers with which you are synchronized. It provided you with a list of configured time servers and the delay, offset and jitter

[root@tc1oltp1 ~]# ntpq -p
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
==============================================================================
*tc1tools1.myserver LOCAL(0) 11 u 41 64 17 0.514 -0.473 0.461
LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 10 l 38 64 17 0.000 0.000 0.001

Firewall port open at server end add following lines

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -p udp --dport 123 -j ACCEPT

save and restart iptables.

2011-03-30T13:56:00.003+05:30

DNS setup in Redhat 5.5 64bit

when i try to resolve ip it working fine

[root@tc1dns1 internal]# nslookup 10.65.136.137
Server: 10.65.136.143
Address: 10.65.136.143#53

137.136.65.10.in-addr.arpa name = tc1oltpdb2.mydomian.

But when i try to resolve named it showing me below error.

[root@tc1dns1 internal]# nslookup tc1oltpdb2.mydomainf
Server: 10.65.136.143
Address: 10.65.136.143#53

** server can't find tc1oltpdb2.mydomain: NXDOMAIN

Resolution:-

Problem in my named.conf

zone "new.mydomain." IN {
type master;
file "data/internal/mydomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};

in zone line i used new.mydomain but in file using just mydomain...so match the same setting save the file ..restart the servcie.

[root@tc1dns1 internal]# /etc/init.d/named restart
Stopping named: [ OK ]
Starting named: [ OK ]
[root@tc1dns1 internal]# nslookup tc1oltpdb2.mydomain
Server: 10.65.136.143
Address: 10.65.136.143#53

Name: tc1oltpdb2.mydomain
Address: 10.65.136.137

working fine.

RPM uninstall problem in RedHat

2011-03-24T12:36:00.001+05:30

Error :-- specifies multiple packages

rpm -e pkg-name
error: "pkg-name" specifies multiple packages

Resolution

rpm -e --allmatches pkg-name

Local yum repository setup under Redhat 5.5

2011-03-24T09:38:00.001+05:30

RedHat 5.5 64bit local yum repo repository

1st of all copy all media under httpd dir..here in my example i copied under

/var/www/html/ with the name redhatdvd dir.

After that run your web service httpd. check on your local browser you able to browse dir on not...or you can use command tool for url testing.

#links 10.65.136.183/redhatdvd === must reslove

After that go to any client machine whcih you want to update from this local yum repo.

login on system with root user.Then create a file with following entry.

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[dir1]
name=Redhat
baseurl=http://10.65.136.183/redhatdvd/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[dir2]
name=Redhat
baseurl=http://10.65.136.183/redhatdvd/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[dir3]
name=Redhat
baseurl=http://10.65.136.183/redhatdvd/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[dir4]
name=Redhat
baseurl=http://10.65.136.183/redhatdvd/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Save the file.

And clean everything.

[root@tc1bas1 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
Cleaning up Everything

After that you can add,search any packages through YUM with complete dependencies resolve.

[root@tc1bas1 ~]# yum search libvirt
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
dir1 | 1.3 kB 00:00
dir1/primary | 868 kB 00:00
dir1 3116/3116
dir2 | 1.3 kB 00:00
dir2/primary | 19 kB 00:00
dir2 71/71
dir3 | 1.3 kB 00:00
dir3/primary | 6.1 kB 00:00
dir3 32/32
dir4 | 1.3 kB 00:00
dir4/primary | 8.9 kB 00:00
dir4 39/39
============================== Matched: libvirt ===============================
libcmpiutil.i386 : CMPI Utility Library
libcmpiutil.x86_64 : CMPI Utility Library
libcmpiutil-devel.i386 : Libraries, includes, etc. to use the CMPI utility
: library
libcmpiutil-devel.x86_64 : Libraries, includes, etc. to use the CMPI utility
: library

IMP:-- Some time you face problem with web-server not able to resolve URL.
the killer is IPTABLES...so make sure your firewall turn off or allow the traffic.

Installing OpenWRT on WZR-HP-G300NH with DD-WRT

2011-03-22T12:21:00.003+05:30

After many tries with tftp ..finally decided with DD-WRT.

So here are the steps which i follow.

Go this this link and download new firware specifically for this router &can be flashed from the GUI
http://dd-wrt.com/site/support/router-database

and download buffalo_to_ddwrt_webflash-MULTI.bin approx size 13MB

After that open firefox to launch 192.168.11.1 web based Interface (default ip address for Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH) to update firware.

default login root without any password.

After that go under Setup here you can see update firmware option upload here the download firware and apply..it takes 5-10 min to finish upload.

Now change your system ip 192.168.11.** to 192.168.1.** , after that you must able to reach 192.168.1.1

Now open GUI interfacae with 192.168.1.1 and set root password here and enable telnet Session.

Once telnet session open, go to command prompt and telent 192.168.1.1 like this

[raman@inf1sysadm1 ~]$ telnet 192.168.1.1
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

DD-WRT v24-sp2 std (c) 2010 NewMedia-NET GmbH
Release: 08/07/10 (SVN revision: 14896)

DD-WRT login: root
Password:
==========================================================

____ ___ __ ______ _____ ____ _ _
| _ \| _ \ \ \ / / _ \_ _| __ _|___ \| || |
|| | || ||____\ \ /\ / /| |_) || | \ \ / / __) | || |_
||_| ||_||_____\ V V / | _ < | | \ V / / __/|__ _|
|___/|___/ \_/\_/ |_| \_\|_| \_/ |_____| |_|

DD-WRT v24-sp2
http://www.dd-wrt.com

==========================================================

BusyBox v1.13.4 (2010-08-07 02:52:32 CEST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

root@DD-WRT:~#

After that make sure Internet working on your router, enable WAN setting.

root@DD-WRT:~# ping yahoo.com
PING yahoo.com (69.147.125.65): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 69.147.125.65: seq=0 ttl=45 time=274.427 ms

Now change dir to tmp and download new firmware

root@DD-WRT:/tmp# wget http://downloads.openwrt.org/backfire/10.03.1-rc4/ar71xx/
openwrt-ar71xx-wzr-hp-g300nh-jffs2-tftp.bin
Connecting to downloads.openwrt.org (78.24.191.177:80)
openwrt-ar71xx-wzr-h 100% |*******************************| 4736k 00:00:00 ETA
root@DD-WRT:/tmp#

After that run below command, to convert ***.bin to .trx to use with mtd.

root@DD-WRT:/tmp# dd if=/tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-wzr-hp-g300nh-jffs2-tftp.bin of=firmware.trx bs=32 skip=1

151552+0 records in
151552+0 records out

Run mtd utility to writes the given file to flash.

root@DD-WRT:/tmp# mtd -r write firmware.trx linux
Unlocking linux ...
Writing from firmware.trx to linux ... [w]
Connection closed by foreign host.

Then wait for router reboot it takes 5-10 min .once done you able to browse new interface with 192.168.1.1

Imp :-

[raman@inf1sysadm1 ~]$ telnet 192.168.1.1
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
=== IMPORTANT ============================
Use 'passwd' to set your login password
this will disable telnet and enable SSH
------------------------------------------

here use passwd command to set new password after that telent disable and ssh enable.

After that ssh to router

[raman@inf1sysadm1 ~]$ ssh 192.168.1.1 -l root
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is c2:7f:d8:06:91:df:6b:19:4b:4b:07:75:97:0d:4f:42.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.1's password:
root@OpenWrt:/etc/config#

Some command which run

root@OpenWrt:/tmp/opkg-lists# opkg update
root@OpenWrt:/tmp/opkg-lists# opkg install openswan

you can use web interface as well 192.168.1.1

useful link:-

http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/buffalo/wzr-hp-g300h#problem.with.japanese.version.locked.u-boot
http://dd-wrt.com/wiki/index.php/Buffalo_WZR-HP-G300NH

XEN Target Device Required

2011-02-17T16:25:00.001+05:30

while attaching new space through this error.

Error:-

Target Device Required

You must select a target device for the disk.

Resolution:-

Under same screen their is a Target option.

Make sure you select Virtual disk.

Then click again, your problem resolved.

Bacula : Tape Cannot label Volume because it is already labeled

2011-01-29T01:24:00.001+05:30

when i try to label barcode, through me below error.

3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 20.
3920 Cannot label Volume because it is already labeled: "000001"
Label command failed for Volume 000005L4.
Media record for Slot 4 Volume "000002L4" already exists.

Resolution:-

1 make sure bacula-sd stop.

/etc/init.d/bacula-sd stop
Shutting down bacula-sd: [ OK ]

Then created a script, simply test.sh and do the following entry.

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 1 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 1 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 5 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 5 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 8 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 8 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 9 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 9 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 10 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 10 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 16 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 16 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 20 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 20 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 21 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 21 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 22 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 22 /dev/st0 0
/usr/libexec/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 17 /dev/st0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind

save file and run

#./test.sh

it takes few min (15-20 min to complete)

Once finished then run bconsole

[root@um1ubackup bacula]# bconsole
Connecting to Director mybackup:9101
1000 OK: bacula-dir Version: 2.0.3 (06 March 2007)
Enter a period to cancel a command.
*update slots
Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
The defined Storage resources are:
1: TL-2000
2: File
Select Storage resource (1-2): 1
Connecting to Storage daemon TL-2000 at 10.45.9.72:9103 ...
3306 Issuing autochanger "slots" command.
Device "LTO-3" has 24 slots.
Connecting to Storage daemon TL-2000 at 10.45.9.72:9103 ...
3306 Issuing autochanger "list" command.
Volume "000005L4" not found in catalog. Slot=5 InChanger set to zero.

Then type label barcode command

*label barcodes
The defined Storage resources are:
1: TL-2000
2: File
Select Storage resource (1-2): 1
Connecting to Storage daemon TL-2000 at 10.45.9.72:9103 ...
3306 Issuing autochanger "slots" command.
Device "LTO-3" has 24 slots.
Connecting to Storage daemon TL-2000 at 10.45.9.72:9103 ...
3306 Issuing autochanger "list" command.
The following Volumes will be labeled:
Slot Volume
==============
5 000005L4

Do you want to continue? (yes|no): yes
Automatically selected Pool: Default
Connecting to Storage daemon TL-2000 at 10.45.9.72:9103 ...
Sending label command for Volume "000005L4" Slot 5 ...
3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result: nothing loaded.
3304 Issuing autochanger "load slot 5, drive 0" command.
3305 Autochanger "load slot 5, drive 0", status is OK.
3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 5.
3000 OK label. VolBytes=64512 DVD=0 Volume="000005L4" Device="LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
Catalog record for Volume "000005L4", Slot 5 successfully created.

Done...now simply run list volumes to see all volumes.

*list volumes
Pool: Default
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 2 | 000002L4 | Append | 1 | 129,024 | 1 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 4 | 1 | LTO-3 | 2011-01-28 00:06:58 |
| 3 | 000004L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 6 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000001L4 | Append | 1 | 128,960 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 5 | 000003L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 10 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 6 | 000005L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
*

some explanation about script.

mtx-changer = control SCSI media changer devices

/usr/lib/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 load 1 /dev/st0 0

in this command :- you have a tape in slot 1, it will be loaded into drive (0) with the help of media changer mtx.

/usr/lib/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg2 unload 1 /dev/st0 0

tape is loaded from slot 1, will be unloaded.

mt -f /dev/st0 rewind mt = control magnetic tape drive operation , -f = device ,rewind=Rewind the tape.

mt -f /dev/st0 weof weof = Write count EOF marks at current position.

mt -f /dev/st0 rewind rewind = Rewind the tape.

Hope will work for you.

Linux SCSI Tricks for Tape drive

2011-01-28T02:36:00.004+05:30

tested on Dell TL-2000

lsscsi command if not then run

[root@um1ubackup bacula]# cat /proc/scsi/scsi
Attached devices:
Host: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: IBM Model: 3573-TL Rev: 9.50
Type: Medium Changer ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi6 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: IBM Model: ULT3580-HH4 Rev: A233
Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03
Host: scsi5 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: IBM Model: 3573-TL Rev: 9.50
Type: Medium Changer ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Host: scsi7 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: IBM Model: ULT3580-HH4 Rev: A233
Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03

Best answer you can find here

http://www.bacula.org/3.0.x-manuals/en/problems/problems/Testing_Your_Tape_Drive.html

Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive

2011-01-28T02:36:00.001+05:30

[root@um1ubackup bacula]# btape -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/st0
Tape block granularity is 1024 bytes.
btape: butil.c:286 Using device: "/dev/st0" for writing.
27-Jan 16:42 btape: 3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
27-Jan 16:42 btape: 3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 24.
27-Jan 16:42 btape: 3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
27-Jan 16:42 btape: 3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 24.
btape: btape.c:368 open device "LTO-3" (/dev/st0): OK
*

then type test

*test

=== Write, rewind, and re-read test ===

I'm going to write 1000 records and an EOF
then write 1000 records and an EOF, then rewind,
and re-read the data to verify that it is correct.

This is an *essential* feature ...

btape: btape.c:825 Wrote 1000 blocks of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:841 Wrote 1000 blocks of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:850 Rewind OK.
1000 blocks re-read correctly.
Got EOF on tape.
1000 blocks re-read correctly.
=== Test Succeeded. End Write, rewind, and re-read test ===

=== Write, rewind, and position test ===

I'm going to write 1000 records and an EOF
then write 1000 records and an EOF, then rewind,
and position to a few blocks and verify that it is correct.

This is an *essential* feature ...

btape: btape.c:937 Wrote 1000 blocks of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:953 Wrote 1000 blocks of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:962 Rewind OK.
Reposition to file:block 0:4
Block 5 re-read correctly.
Reposition to file:block 0:200
Block 201 re-read correctly.
Reposition to file:block 0:999
Block 1000 re-read correctly.
Reposition to file:block 1:0
Block 1001 re-read correctly.
Reposition to file:block 1:600
Block 1601 re-read correctly.
Reposition to file:block 1:999
Block 2000 re-read correctly.
=== Test Succeeded. End Write, rewind, and re-read test ===

=== Append files test ===

This test is essential to Bacula.

I'm going to write one record in file 0,
two records in file 1,
and three records in file 2

btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
27-Jan 16:43 btape: 3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
27-Jan 16:43 btape: 3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 24.
btape: btape.c:368 open device "LTO-3" (/dev/st0): OK
btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1091 Now moving to end of medium.
btape: btape.c:520 Moved to end of medium.
We should be in file 3. I am at file 3. This is correct!

Now the important part, I am going to attempt to append to the tape.

btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
Done appending, there should be no I/O errors

Doing Bacula scan of blocks:
1 block of 64448 bytes in file 1
End of File mark.
2 blocks of 64448 bytes in file 2
End of File mark.
3 blocks of 64448 bytes in file 3
End of File mark.
1 block of 64448 bytes in file 4
End of File mark.
Total files=4, blocks=7, bytes = 451,136
End scanning the tape.
We should be in file 4. I am at file 4. This is correct!

The above Bacula scan should have output identical to what follows.
Please double check it ...
=== Sample correct output ===
1 block of 64448 bytes in file 1
End of File mark.
2 blocks of 64448 bytes in file 2
End of File mark.
3 blocks of 64448 bytes in file 3
End of File mark.
1 block of 64448 bytes in file 4
End of File mark.
Total files=4, blocks=7, bytes = 451,136
=== End sample correct output ===

If the above scan output is not identical to the
sample output, you MUST correct the problem
or Bacula will not be able to write multiple Jobs to
the tape.

=== Write, backup, and re-read test ===

I'm going to write three records and an EOF
then backup over the EOF and re-read the last record.
Bacula does this after writing the last block on the
tape to verify that the block was written correctly.

This is not an *essential* feature ...

btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:704 Wrote first record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:715 Wrote second record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:726 Wrote third record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:742 Backspaced over EOF OK.
btape: btape.c:747 Backspace record OK.
btape: btape.c:765
Block re-read correct. Test succeeded!
=== End Write, backup, and re-read test ===

=== Forward space files test ===

This test is essential to Bacula.

I'm going to write five files then test forward spacing

btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1571 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes.
btape: btape.c:1573 Wrote block to device.
btape: btape.c:499 Wrote 1 EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1305 Now forward spacing 1 file.
We should be in file 1. I am at file 1. This is correct!
btape: btape.c:1317 Now forward spacing 2 files.
We should be in file 3. I am at file 3. This is correct!
btape: btape.c:469 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1330 Now forward spacing 4 files.
We should be in file 4. I am at file 4. This is correct!

btape: btape.c:1348 Now forward spacing 1 more file.
We should be in file 5. I am at file 5. This is correct!

=== End Forward space files test ===

Ah, I see you have an autochanger configured.
To test the autochanger you must have a blank tape
that I can write on in Slot 1.

Do you wish to continue with the Autochanger test? (y/n): y

=== Autochanger test ===

3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded" command.
Slot 24 loaded. I am going to unload it.
3302 Issuing autochanger "unload 24 0" command.
unload status=OK 0
3303 Issuing autochanger "load 1 0" command.
3303 Autochanger "load 1 0" status is OK.
27-Jan 16:46 btape: 3301 Issuing autochanger "loaded? drive 0" command.
27-Jan 16:46 btape: 3302 Autochanger "loaded? drive 0", result is Slot 1.
btape: btape.c:368 open device "LTO-3" (/dev/st0): OK
btape: btape.c:1235 Rewound "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)
btape: btape.c:1242 Wrote EOF to "LTO-3" (/dev/st0)

The test autochanger worked!!

bconsole: Error: bnet.c:779 gethostbyname() for host "server.example.com"

2011-01-27T23:02:00.002+05:30

Situation:- when i run bconsole command (Bacula’s management Console) to connect, through me below error.

Connecting to Director server.example.com:9101
27-Jan 12:51 bconsole: Error: bnet.c:779 gethostbyname() for host "server.example.com" failed: ERR=Non-authoritative for host not found, or ServerFail.

Resolution:-

Go under /etc/bacula dir

their is a file with name bconsole.conf

edit it accordingly

[root@my1backup bacula]# cat bconsole.conf
#
# Bacula User Agent (or Console) Configuration File
#

Director {
Name = bacula-dir
DIRport = 9101
address = myhostname.com
Password = "**********"
}

Imp:- use can use IP as well but if u want to use FQDN then make sure, entry under /etc/hosts file as well

like this once

cat /etc/hosts

10.10.10.100 myhostname.com

After all this simply run bconsole and hit entre

# bconsole
Connecting to Director myhostname.com:9101
1000 OK: bacula-dir Version: 2.0.3 (06 March 2007)
Enter a period to cancel a command.
*

Working fine.

CentOS 5.5 64bit named[4474]: network unreachable resolving

2011-01-26T21:58:00.002+05:30

an 25 23:15:10 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:503:ba3e::2:30#53
Jan 25 23:15:10 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:503:ba3e::2:30#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:7fd::1#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:500:1::803f:235#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:7fd::1#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:500:1::803f:235#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:dc3::35#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:500:2f::f#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving '55.9.45.10.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:503:c27::2:30#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:dc3::35#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:500:2f::f#53
Jan 25 23:15:12 um1udns1 named[4474]: network unreachable resolving './NS/IN': 2001:503:c27::2:30#53

Resolution:--

Only allow BIND to resolve IPV4 & disable IPV6

Setting are following

under /etc/sysconfig/named

add this line end of the file

OPTIONS=”-4″

After save file, and restart named service.

That its your problem resolved.

named[3349]: the working directory is not writable

2011-01-26T21:52:00.002+05:30

While tail to message shows me this error..

Jan 25 16:03:44 um1udns1 named[3349]: listening on IPv4 interface lo, 127.0.0.1#53
Jan 25 16:03:44 um1udns1 named[3349]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0, 10.45.9.55#53
Jan 25 16:03:44 um1udns1 named[3349]: command channel listening on 127.0.0.1#953
Jan 25 16:03:44 um1udns1 named[3349]: command channel listening on ::1#953
Jan 25 16:03:44 um1udns1 named[3349]: the working directory is not writable

Resolution.

under /var/named/chroot/var/

#chmod 775 named (rwx for both)

restart named service.

now onward error disappear in logs.

yum setup on Redhat

2011-01-21T05:29:00.000+05:30

yum setup on Redhat

Situation :- i insatlled Redhat 5.5, 64bit then try to install virtulization,KVM but lots of depencies error.

Solution

then i create local repo file to install by YUM,for that i copy all media under dir eg. /redhatmedia/redhatdvd/...

then create conf file

#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo

[dir1]
mediaid=34336363.878563
name=Redhat DVD
baseurl=file:///redhatmedia/redhatdvd/vt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[dir2
mediaid=34336363.878563
name=Redhat DVD
baseurl=file:///redhatmedia/redhatdvd/server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[dir3]
mediaid=34336363.878563
name=Redhat DVD
baseurl=file:///redhatmedia/redhatdvd/cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[dir4]
mediaid=34336363.878563
name=Redhat DVD
baseurl=file:///redhatmedia/redhatdvd/cluster-storage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Save file.

*** mediaid u can find in dvd from file .discinfo

After this run

#yum clean all

then

#yum groupinstall kvm -y

around 30 depencies installed with size 22MB with in 1 min.

Dell vostro 1520 wifi + fedora 13 + bcm4312

2010-12-16T17:37:00.001+05:30

rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm

#yum -y update
#yum -y install broadcom-wl
#yum install kmod-wl-PAE

Reboot machine ....works.

Linux System/Server memory check method

2010-11-09T17:14:00.001+05:30

3 different ways which i tested.

1) Through memory test tool called memtest86+

you need to download ISO & boot from cd & run test

IMP:- if you dont want to run iso use this alternate

Install memtest86+ through yum

#yum install memtest86+

after that run following command

#memtest-setup

and reboot machine... now while reboot under Grub menu choose memtest & RUN.

2) Through Memtester

Here in My example.

First make sure RPM installed if not then installed use following command

[root@localhost Downloads]# yum install memtester.i686 -y

After that run test

[root@localhost Downloads]# memtester 50 1
memtester version 4.1.3 (32-bit)
Copyright (C) 2010 Charles Cazabon.
Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 (only).

pagesize is 4096
pagesizemask is 0xfffff000
want 50MB (52428800 bytes)
got 50MB (52428800 bytes), trying mlock ...locked.
Loop 1/1:
Stuck Address : ok
Random Value : ok
Compare XOR : ok
Compare SUB : ok
Compare MUL : ok
Compare DIV : ok
Compare OR : ok
Compare AND : ok
Sequential Increment: ok
Solid Bits : ok
Block Sequential : ok
Checkerboard : ok
Bit Spread : ok
Bit Flip : ok
Walking Ones : ok
Walking Zeroes : ok

Done.

3) Through md5 checksum and dd command.
checksums must match, if not then their is fault in memory. Read dd command man page to understand all options. dd will create /tmp/memtest file. It will cache data in memory by filling up all memory during read operation. Using md5sum command you are reading same data from memory (as it was cached).

[root@localhost Downloads]# dd if=/dev/urandom bs=838000 of=/tmp/memtest count=1050
1050+0 records in
1050+0 records out
879900000 bytes (880 MB) copied, 140.232 s, 6.3 MB/s
[root@localhost Downloads]# md5sum /tmp/memtest; md5sum /tmp/memtest; md5sum /tmp/memtest
255e49af2668d60269efafa6487132ab /tmp/memtest
255e49af2668d60269efafa6487132ab /tmp/memtest
255e49af2668d60269efafa6487132ab /tmp/memtest

Note:-All result Passed on E6510

Bacula:tape Volume purging & deletion steps.

2010-10-13T09:40:00.001+05:30

Select the Pool (1-2): 1
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 2 | test2 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 000016L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 22 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000018L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
Enter MediaId or Volume name: test2
Volume "test2" has VolStatus Append. It must be Purged or Recycled before relabeling.

Now in this exapmle, steps how to delete volume test2

1st purged the volume name like this

*purge

This command is can be DANGEROUS!!!

It purges (deletes) all Files from a Job,
JobId, Client or Volume; or it purges (deletes)
all Jobs from a Client or Volume without regard
for retention periods. Normally you should use the
PRUNE command, which respects retention periods.
You have the following choices:
1: files
2: jobs
3: volume
Choose item to purge (1-3):3
Defined Pools:
1: Default
2: Scratch
Select the Pool (1-2):1

then type volume name or Media Id i.e test2 or 2

now in list volumes you can see test2 makred ad purged.

*list volumes
Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
Pool: Default
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 2 | test2 | Purged | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |

Pool: Scratch
No results to list.

Now time to delete test2 volume

*delete test2
In general it is not a good idea to delete either a
Pool or a Volume since they may contain data.

You have the following choices:
1: volume
2: pool
3: jobid
Choose catalog item to delete (1-3): 1
Defined Pools:
1: Default
2: Scratch
Select the Pool (1-2): 1
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 2 | test2 | Purged | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |

Enter MediaId or Volume name: test2

This command will delete volume test2
and all Jobs saved on that volume from the Catalog
Are you sure you want to delete Volume "test2"? (yes/no): yes

Deleted ..now you can see in volumes test2 permantly deleted.

*list volumes
Pool: Default
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 000016L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 22 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000018L4 | Purged | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 17 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 5 | 000012L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 6 | 000011L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 8 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 7 | 000013L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 9 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 8 | 000015L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 10 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 9 | 000020L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 16 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 10 | 000019L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 20 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 11 | 000017L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 21 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
Pool: Scratch
No results to list.
*

Steps how to change VolStatus in Bacula through bonsole.

2010-10-13T09:37:00.000+05:30

In my example MediaId=4 or Volumename=000018L4 shows volstatus is Purged.

*list volumes
Pool: Default
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 000016L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 22 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000018L4 | Purged | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 17 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |

SO their is the steps to change Purged to Append. Command is update.

*update
Update choice:
1: Volume parameters
2: Pool from resource
3: Slots from autochanger
Choose catalog item to update (1-3): 1
Parameters to modify:
1: Volume Status
2: Volume Retention Period
3: Volume Use Duration
4: Maximum Volume Jobs
5: Maximum Volume Files
6: Maximum Volume Bytes
7: Recycle Flag
8: Slot
9: InChanger Flag
10: Volume Files
11: Pool
12: Volume from Pool
13: All Volumes from Pool
14: Enabled
15: RecyclePool
16: Done
Select parameter to modify (1-16): 1
Defined Pools:
1: Default
2: Scratch
Select the Pool (1-2): 1
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 000016L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 22 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000018L4 | Purged | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 17 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 5 | 000012L4 | Append | 1 | 302,561,280 | 3 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | LTO-3 | 2010-10-13 01:44:17 |
| 6 | 000011L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 8 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 7 | 000013L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 9 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 8 | 000015L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 10 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 9 | 000020L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 16 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 10 | 000019L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 20 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 11 | 000017L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 21 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
Enter MediaId or Volume name: 000018L4
Updating Volume "000018L4"
Current Volume status is: Purged
Possible Values are:
1: Append
2: Archive
3: Disabled
4: Full
5: Used
6: Cleaning
7: Recycle
8: Read-Only
Choose new Volume Status (1-8): 1
New Volume status is: Append
Parameters to modify:
1: Volume Status
2: Volume Retention Period
3: Volume Use Duration
4: Maximum Volume Jobs
5: Maximum Volume Files
6: Maximum Volume Bytes
7: Recycle Flag
8: Slot
9: InChanger Flag
10: Volume Files
11: Pool
12: Volume from Pool
13: All Volumes from Pool
14: Enabled
15: RecyclePool
16: Done
Select parameter to modify (1-16): 16
Selection terminated.
*list volumes
Pool: Default
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | VolStatus | Enabled | VolBytes | VolFiles | VolRetention | Recycle | Slot | InChanger | MediaType | LastWritten |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
| 1 | 000014L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 5 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 000016L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 22 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 000018L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 17 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 5 | 000012L4 | Append | 1 | 302,561,280 | 3 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | LTO-3 | 2010-10-13 01:44:17 |
| 6 | 000011L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 8 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 7 | 000013L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 9 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 8 | 000015L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 10 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 9 | 000020L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 16 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 10 | 000019L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 20 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
| 11 | 000017L4 | Append | 1 | 64,512 | 0 | 31,536,000 | 1 | 21 | 1 | LTO-3 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+--------------+---------+------+-----------+-----------+---------------------+
Pool: Scratch

Enjoy....

How to find which scsi device you have.

2010-10-12T09:19:00.002+05:30

Find out how to specify their control address (/dev/sg2 or /dev/sg4 ) on the Changer Device = Bacula ( my example)

1) check the command lssci if not found then install

#yum install lsscsi

#[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# lsscsi -dg
[0:0:0:0] disk ATA WDC WD1600BEVT-7 11.0 /dev/sda [8:0] /dev/sg0[21:0]
[3:0:0:0] cd/dvd MATSHITA DVD+-RW UJ-875S D200 /dev/sr0 [11:0] /dev/sg1[21:1]

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# cat /proc/scsi/sg/
allow_dio def_reserved_size devices version
debug device_hdr device_strs
[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_hdr
host chan id lun type opens qdepth busy online
[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# cat /proc/scsi/sg/devices
0 0 0 0 0 1 31 0 1
3 0 0 0 5 1 1 0 1

response to SOA query was unsuccessful: solved

2010-10-07T12:12:00.001+05:30

check your zone file

[root@inf1sysadm1 data]# pwd
/var/named/data

# cat ind.raman.com.zone
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour
ind.raman.com IN SOA ns1.ind.raman.com. sysops.raman.com. (
2010106825 ; serial
3600 ; refresh (1 hour)
600 ; retry (10 minutes)
86400 ; expire (1 day)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS ns1.ind.raman.com.
$ORIGIN ind.raman.com.
ns1 A 127.0.0.1

match the SOA record to NS as well.. after re run
[root@inf1sysadm1 data]# nsupdate
> key dhcpupdate G***************==
> update add test.ind.raman.com 3600 IN A 10.131.11.10
> send

working fine.

Have fun with chage - change user password expiry information

2010-08-11T16:38:00.002+05:30

1) Detail list of user

[raman@inf1sysadm1 ~]$ chage --list raman
Last password change : Jul 06, 2009
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

2) How set password expiry date

#chage -M 15 raman

-M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS
Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid.
When MAX_DAYS plus LAST_DAY is less than the current day, the user
will be required to change his/her password before being able to
use his/her account.

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chage --list raman
Last password change : Jul 06, 2009
Password expires : Jul 21, 2009
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 15
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

3) Force user to Change Password after Expiry Date

#ssh 10.131.11.137 -l raman
raman@10.131.11.137's password:
You are required to change your password immediately (password aged)
WARNING: Your password has expired.
You must change your password now and login again!
Changing password for user raman.
Changing password for raman.
(current) UNIX password:
New password:
Retype new password:

4) How set expiry date for user

#chage -E "2010-08-12" raman

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chage --list raman
Last password change : Jul 06, 2009
Password expires : Jul 07, 2009
Password inactive : never
Account expires : Aug 12, 2010
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 1
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

5) User account locked if inactive form last 5 days.

#chage -I 5 raman
-I, --inactive INACTIVE
Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired
before the account is locked. The INACTIVE option is the number of
days of inactivity

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chage -l raman
Last password change : Jul 06, 2009
Password expires : Jul 07, 2009
Password inactive : Jul 12, 2009
Account expires : Aug 12, 2010
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 1
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

6) How disable chage option from user account

#chage -m 0 -M 99999 -I -1 -E -1 raman

* -m 0 will set the minimum number of days between password change to 0
* -M 99999 will set the maximum number of days between password change to 99999
* -I -1 (number minus one) will set the “Password inactive” to never
* -E -1 (number minus one) will set “Account expires” to never.

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chage -l raman
Last password change : Jul 06, 2009
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7

Enjoy.

Linux Software Raid with mdadm

2010-05-25T08:22:00.001+05:30

After insatlling Dell (md3000) mutipath driver on your system, u see the devices. In my example i am able to see 6 dirve (800 + 400 + 400 ) GB each.

Now follows the below steps to create software raid.

1) Check mdamd command if not found then install through #yum install mdadm

2) command to create raid.
i) mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sde
ii) mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdf
iii) mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdd /dev/sdg

3) Check the status

# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1]
md2 : active raid1 sdd[0] sdg[1]
439023552 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[=>...................] resync = 9.4% (41593920/439023552) finish=256.7min speed=25800K/sec

md1 : active raid1 sdc[0] sdf[1]
439023552 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[==>..................] resync = 11.1% (48802368/439023552) finish=222.3min speed=29248K/sec

md0 : active raid1 sdb[0] sde[1]
878047168 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[=>...................] resync = 8.1% (71613248/878047168) finish=299.9min speed=44808K/sec

or use this command.

#mdadm --detail /dev/md0

4)Now create mdadm.conf configuration file.

#mdadm --detail --scan --verbose
#mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.conf

#cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=2a3991ba:39a6377a:dd723100:e68056a3
devices=/dev/sdb,/dev/sde
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=4f1ebc35:a3e06fe2:55e28aa2:1b96898f
devices=/dev/sdc,/dev/sdf
ARRAY /dev/md2 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=78f8c8ba:a3ed13e1:a3b78f6d:79719608
devices=/dev/sdd,/dev/sdg

***added this line on top DEVICE /dev/sdb /dev/sde /dev/sdc /dev/sdf /dev/sdd /dev/sdg :in our env may be not required for any one****

5) Now you can run fdisk to show the status.

#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/md0: 899.1 GB, 899120300032 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 219511792 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/md1: 449.5 GB, 449560117248 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 109755888 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/md2: 449.5 GB, 449560117248 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 109755888 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes

6)Now format your raid device & add entry in fstab.
some useful command.
#mdadm --assemble --scan

Enjoy

multipath centos 5.4 (64bit ) + Dell md3000i

2010-04-13T09:19:00.002+05:30

My kernel
2.6.18-164.el5

Before multipath

[root@my machine ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5657 45335430 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5658 8844 25599577+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdc: 1499.2 GB, 1499238236160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdb: 1499.2 GB, 1499238236160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

Then edit the configuration file.

Mine /etc/multipath.conf

[root@my machine ~]# cat /etc/multipath.conf
defaults {
udev_dir /dev
user_friendly_names yes
max_fds 8192
}

blacklist {
devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
devnode "^hd[a-z]"
devnode "^sda"
devnode "^sda[0-9]"
device {
vendor DELL
product "PERC|Universal"
}
}

devices {
device {
vendor "DELL"
product "MD3000i"
product_blacklist "Universal Xport"
features "1 queue_if_no_path"
path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_rdac /dev/%n"
getuid_callout "/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s /block/%n"
hardware_handler "1 rdac"
path_checker rdac
prio "rdac"
failback immediate
}
}

multipaths {
multipath {
device {
vendor DELL
product MD3000i
}
}
}

After this run

#multipath -F

#multipath -ll

[root@my machine ~]# multipath -ll
mpath0 (36001e4f000321e0800000ee74bbd2b12) dm-3 DELL,MD3000i
[size=1.4T][features=1 queue_if_no_path][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active]
\_ 54:0:0:10 sdb 8:16 [active][ready]
\_ 53:0:0:10 sdc 8:32 [active][ready]
\_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled]
\_ 51:0:0:10 sdd 8:48 [active][ghost]
\_ 52:0:0:10 sde 8:64 [active][ghost]

After multipath

[root@my machine ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5657 45335430 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5658 8844 25599577+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdc: 1499.2 GB, 1499238236160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdb: 1499.2 GB, 1499238236160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-3: 1499.2 GB, 1499238236160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-3 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Nagios - NSCA setup details

2010-03-18T15:40:00.002+05:30

NSCA server configured on this sevrer ( for centralized monitoring purpose)

Following things are setup, for future refrence.

#cat /etc/nagios/nsca.cfg

server_port=5667
server_address=10.11.128.62
nsca_user=nagios
nsca_group=nagios
debug=1
password= *******
decryption_method=1

Port entry in services

#cat /etc/services | grep 5667
nsca 5667/tcp # Nagios Server check acceptor

[root@sgd1mon01 ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/nsca
# default: off
# description: NSCA (Nagios Service Check Acceptor)
service nsca
{
flags = REUSE
type = UNLISTED
port = 5667
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = nagios
group = nagios
server = /usr/sbin/nsca
server_args = -c /etc/nagios/nsca.cfg --inetd
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
only_from = 127.0.0.1
}

* only_from :- add ip address, seprate by space, from which the NSCA may be addressed.

Client side Configuration

The conf file send_nsca.cfg on client side must contain same parameter.

password= ******
decryption=1

Testing command from client side. ( send_nsca -H 10.131.11.142 -p 5667 -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/send_nsca.cfg )

Or we can try with script.

[root@nagios etc]# cat test_nsca
#!/bin/bash
CFG="/usr/local/nagios/etc/send_nsca.cfg"
CMD="linux01;nmbd;3;UNKNOWN - just one NSCA test"

/bin/echo $CMD | /usr/local/bin/send_nsca -H 10.131.11.142 -d ';' -c $CFG

[root@nagios etc]# ./test_nsca
1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully.

Mean connectivity through.

Oracle Instant Client installation

2010-03-11T15:40:00.002+05:30

with the oracle instant client (only available with 10g)you can connect remote oracle database, the package come with only 31MB in size. This version well work with 8i, 9i also
Now follow the steps to install on fedora 11 (which i used)

Download Instant client from oracle site. (below link)

http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/linuxsoft.html

1) instantclient-basic-linux32-10.1.0.5-20060511.zip
2) instantclient-sqlplus-linux32-10.1.0.5-20060511.zip

After download the package

Move both packages under /usr/local/oracle if dir not exist then create & move.

#mkdir /usr/local/oracle

#cd /usr/local/oracle

Then unzip the packages.

# unzip instantclient-basic-linux32-10.1.0.5-20060511.zip
# unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux32-10.1.0.5-20060511.zip

#ls

Now you able to see the dir with name instantclient10_1, this sub-directory contain all the requird files.

Now set the environment variable like this..

# cat /root/.bash_profile
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/oracle/instantclient10_1
ORACL_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/instantclient10_1
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# cat /root/.bashrc
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/oracle/instantclient10_1
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/instantclient10_1
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi

export ORACLE_HOME

After all this setting,now time to connect remote database.

command is

#sqlplus user/password@//host/database

# sqlplus ramank/rk99@//10.131.11.228:1521/XE

(in this 5121 is port )

#[root@raman oracle]# sqlplus ramank/rk99@//10.131.11.228:1521/XE

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Mar 11 22:00:58 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL>

Run your query and enjoy.

Raman

2010-02-26T13:32:00.002+05:30

Masquerading send your mail with valid domain name, not with your hostname
like valid doamin raman@mydoamin.com not raman@inf1sysadm1.ind.bond.com

I am going to share my configuration.

Open your sendmail.mc ( /etc/mail/sendmail.mc)

FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl
FEATURE(`domaintable')dnl
FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl
LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl
MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)
MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.com)dnl

After that

#echo inf1sysadm1.ind.my.com mydomain.com >> /etc/mail/domaintable"

Then run m4 & restart sendmail services.

## m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

# /etc/init.d/sendmail restart

Through telnet you can check your setting.

multiple lines edit by Sed command.

2010-02-23T15:46:00.002+05:30

Suppose you have a file with 1000000 lines.. & you want to change any word. Use sed command.

For example: i have a file with name rk.conf with 80000 lines & in this file,want to change lib word with lib64. i use sed this command & my problem RESOLVED.

Command like this.

#sed -i 's/lib/lib64/g' rk.conf

Enjoy... hope this will save your time........

Sendmail (host map: lookup (domain.com): deferred

2010-02-10T17:49:00.003+05:30

If you get this error... on sendmail.

[root@Test_Srv ~]# mailq
/var/spool/mqueue (9 requests)
-----Q-ID----- --Size-- -----Q-Time----- ------------Sender/Recipient-----------
o1RKaZr6018628 10 Wed Feb 10 21:37 abc@abc.com
(host map: lookup (abc.com): deferred)

Solution:-

Check your DNS resoulation.

Try to nslookup on domain or dig.

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# dig abc.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.1-P2-RedHat-9.6.1-7.P2.fc11 <<>> abc.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 7633
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 3, ADDITIONAL: 3

Domain name must be resolve.

Chkconfig command

2010-02-10T17:43:00.002+05:30

# chkconfig --list
With this command, you will see a list of system services and whether they are started (on) or stopped (off) in runlevels 0-6

To check a particular service .. in my example sendmail

root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chkconfig --list sendmail
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off

#chkconfig 235 on

If you found any serivce run in run level 4,6 as well... use following command to stop.
In my example only run in 4th run level.

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chkconfig --list | grep sendmail
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chkconfig --level 4 sendmail off

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# chkconfig --list | grep sendmail
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off

Xen disk image resizing.

2010-02-02T17:45:00.001+05:30

In My Setup....
To resize 4Gb img ( xen virtual machine) to 9Gb
Following steps perform by me & working fine. going to share with you.

1) xm list ( show current running VM)

2) xm shutdown sgd1mon1 ( to shutdown the machine)

3) For safer side .. i take the backup.
[root@sgd1vmbe09 ~]# cd /var/lib/xen/images/
#cp -a sgd1mon1.img sgd1mon1.img.bak
4) verify MD5 Sum
# md5sum sgd1mon1.img
8dfb611eacd0aa7291d1737967845688 sgd1mon1.img
# md5sum sgd1mon1.img.bak
8dfb611eacd0aa7291d1737967845688 sgd1mon1.img.bak

5) Created 5Gb temp file
[root@sgd1vmbe09 images]# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1024 count=5000000
5000000+0 records in
5000000+0 records out
5120000000 bytes (5.1 GB) copied, 77.1266 seconds, 66.4 MB/s

6) Appending the existing image.
[root@sgd1vmbe09 images]# cat tempfile >> sgd1mon1.img

7) Resize the space

[root@sgd1vmbe09 images]# resize2fs -f sgd1mon1.img

8) check a Linux ext2/ext3 file system
[root@sgd1vmbe09 images]# fsck.ext3 sgd1mon1.img

9) Finally start the VM
[root@sgd1vmbe09 images]# xm create sgd1mon1
Using config file "/etc/xen/sgd1mon1".
Started domain sgd1mon1

10) Login and check the partition table.
[root@sgd1mon1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 9314 MB, 9314304000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1132 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Next part extend the machine LVM.... :)

ERROR: Description table : The requested table is empty or does not exist.

2010-01-29T17:55:00.002+05:30

If you get this error while running load.pl

root@Test_Srv libexec]# ./check_snmp_load.pl -H 172.25.21.16 -Cpublic -w 80 -c 90

ERROR: Description table : The requested table is empty or does not exist.

Resolution:-

#vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

# Make at least snmpwalk -v 1 localhost -c public system fast again.
# name incl/excl subtree mask(optional)
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1
view systemview included .1

Note:- see the third line .. just add the MIB

After that restart the snmpd services.

#service snmpd restart

Now check

[root@Test libexec]# ./check_snmp_mem.pl -H 10.131.11.136 -Cpublic -w 99,20 -c 100,30
Ram : 36%, Swap : 0% : ; OK

Enjoy the setting.

Can't locate Net/SNMP.pm in @INC (@INC contain s:

2010-01-29T16:36:00.002+05:30

Can't locate Net/SNMP.pm in @INC (@INC contain s: /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.3/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.2/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.1/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.3 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.2 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.1 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.0 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.2/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.1/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.5 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.3 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.2 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.1 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl .) at ./check_snmp_load.pl line 15.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./check_snmp_load.pl line 15

To Resolve this issue...

Download Net-SNMP-v6.0.0.tar.gz

Suppose you download under /tmp dir.

Now extract the package.

[root@Test_Srv tmp]# tar -xvzf Net-SNMP-v6.0.0.tar.gz

Now installation steps.

# cd /tmp/Net-SNMP-v6.0.0

[root@Test_Srv Net-SNMP-v6.0.0]# perl Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Writing Makefile for Net::SNMP

[root@Test_Srv Net-SNMP-v6.0.0]# make test

t/ber....ok
t/dsp....ok
t/mp.....ok
t/usm....ok
All tests successful.
Files=4, Tests=43, 4 wallclock secs ( 0.35 cusr + 0.02 csys = 0.37 CPU)

Finally run make install.

#[root@GCash-Test_Srv Net-SNMP-v6.0.0]# make install
Manifying blib/man1/snmpkey.1

Writing /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/Net/SNMP/.packlist
Appending installation info to /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.5/i386-linux-thread-multi/perllocal.pod

Disk Performance Monitoring

2010-01-22T14:14:00.002+05:30

For Linux

Package Name is sysstat

sysstat.i586 : The sar and iostat system monitoring commands

#[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# sar -d 1 1
Linux 2.6.30.10-105.fc11.i586 (inf1sysadm1.ind.com) 01/22/2010

02:30:57 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util
02:30:58 PM dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:30:58 PM dev8-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:30:58 PM dev8-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:30:58 PM dev8-3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
02:30:58 PM dev8-4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

********** -d Report activity for each block device ***********

#[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# sar -u 1 1
Linux 2.6.30.10-105.fc11.i586 (inf1sysadm1.ind.com) 01/22/2010

02:34:29 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
02:34:30 PM all 6.37 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 90.69
Average: all 6.37 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 90.69

****** -u 2 5 Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds.5lines are displayed.*****

[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# iostat 1 1
Linux 2.6.30.10-105.fc11.i586 (inf1sysadm1.ind.com) 01/22/2010

avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
5.63 0.44 2.72 1.28 0.00 89.94

Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 7.15 99.33 38.85 1510463 590764
sda1 0.01 0.17 0.00 2624 4
sda2 7.10 98.47 38.39 1497306 583704
sda3 0.00 0.11 0.00 1715 0
sda4 0.04 0.53 0.46 8002 7056

--------------------------For Solaris---------------------------

# iostat -xc
extended device statistics cpu
device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b us sy wt id
fd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 8 64 27 0
sd0 51.1 0.2 6545.1 1.6 0.0 1.8 34.7 0 100
sd1 84.7 0.0 10615.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 19.0 1 98
sd4 27.6 6.8 220.5 51.6 0.0 2.9 83.0 0 98
sd6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
nfs1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

Looks like disk 'sd0' is really busy (100% busy!). Next step is to find out what is using it.

The fields have the following meanings:

disk name of the disk
r/s reads per second
w/s writes per second
Kr/s kilobytes read per second
Kw/s kilobytes written per second
wait average number of transactions waiting for ser-
vice (queue length)
actv average number of transactions actively being
serviced (removed from the queue but not yet
completed)

%w percent of time there are transactions waiting
for service (queue non-empty)
%b percent of time the disk is busy (transactions
in progress)

---------------------For AIX --------------------------------

On AIX 5.3

mypc:/#sar -d 1 1

AIX MYDB01 3 5 00C830104C00 01/22/10

System configuration: lcpu=14 drives=22 ent=3.50 mode=Capped

15:07:32 device %busy avque r+w/s Kbs/s avwait avserv

15:07:33 hdisk0 0 0.0 0 3 0.0 7.7
hdisk1 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
hdisk2 11 0.0 14 6087 0.0 12.5
hdisk3 10 0.0 12 6087 0.0 9.0
dac0 0 0.0 1953 96713 0.3 7.1
dac0utm 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
dac1 0 0.0 752 20925 0.0 5.5
dac1utm 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
hdisk4 99 0.0 542 67378 1.2 12.6
hdisk5 93 0.0 752 20925 0.0 5.5
hdisk6 98 0.0 549 18856 0.0 5.3

MyPC:/#iostat aux 1 1
iostat: 0551-154 Disk aux is not found.

System configuration: lcpu=14 drives=22 ent=3.50 paths=4 vdisks=0

tty: tin tout avg-cpu: % user % sys % idle % iowait physc % entc
0.0 126.5 66.4 24.7 4.5 4.3 3.2 92.3

Disks: % tm_act Kbps tps Kb_read Kb_wrtn
hdisk0 2.9 19.6 4.9 16 4
hdisk1 1.0 3.9 1.0 0 4
hdisk2 98.0 65822.5 117.6 4660 62479
hdisk3 92.2 65771.6 106.9 5632 61455
dac0 0.0 115247.1 2169.6 83980 33572
dac0utm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
dac1 0.0 21851.0 395.1 2640 19648
dac1utm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0

*****disk Read throughput:

# time dd if=/tmp/f66mb.out of=/dev/null bs=1024k
63+1 records in.
63+1 records out.

real 0m2.04s
user 0m0.00s
sys 0m1.05s

The 'time' command shows the amount of time it took to complete the read. The read throughput
in this example is about 33MB per second (66MB / 2.04 seconds real time)

******measure disk Write throughput

# sync; date; dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/1000m bs=1024k count=1000; date; sync; date
Thu Jan 5 23:02:41 PST 2006
1000+0 records in.
1000+0 records out.
Thu Jan 5 23:02:59 PST 2006
Thu Jan 5 23:02:59 PST 2006

In this example, dd completed after 18 seconds (23:02:59 - 23:02:41) and wrote with 55MB
per second (1GB / 18 seconds).

Nagios installation steps on RHEL 4

2010-01-21T12:44:00.004+05:30

Tested on RHEL4 + Fedora 11 + CentOs 5.3 (in my environment)

Download latest stable release.

1)Nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz
2)Nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz

Before Installation check the Prerequisites.
like this
#rpm -qa | grep httpd

If the prerequisite not installed ..use the following steps to install.

#yum install httpd php

#yum install gcc glibc glibc-common

#yum install gd gd-devel

Once you installed then follow next steps.

*** Login as Root on the machine ***

Add Nagios user

#useradd -m nagios

#passwd nagios ( but not required)

Now add Group,Add both the nagios user and the apache user to this group.

#groupadd nagcmd

#usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios

#usermod -a -G nagcmd apache

**** Installation Begin *******

Suppose you downloaded both packages under tmp dir

#cd /tmp

Now Extract nagios package

#tar -xvzf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz

Now enter nagios dir.

#cd nagios-3.2.0

Now Run this command to script...

#./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

Compile the Nagios source code.

#make all

Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.

#make install

#make install-init

#make install-config

#make install-commandmode

Now add you email id in configuration

#vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

on line number 35 you found like this
email nagios@localhost ; <<**** * CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******

Add your mail id..on which you want the alerts.

Save the file & quit.

*****Now configure web interface*******

#make install-webconf

#htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

#service httpd restart

****Now Install Nagios Plugin****

#cd /tmp

#tar -xvzf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz

#cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14

#./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios

------------Note:-- On Red Hat machines you find message like this------------
configure: See http://nagiosplugins.org/faq/compile/configure_appears_to_hang if this next part takes a long time
checking for redhat spopen problem...

To solve this run the following command.

#./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#make

#make install

Nagios start automatically when the reboot the system.

#chkconfig --add nagios

#chkconfig nagios on

Verify the Nagios configuration files.

#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

if there are no errors, start Nagios.

#service nagios start

------------------------------------------------------------
Make sure Selinux disable

#[root@inf1sysadm1 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=disabled

Reboot the system after this setting.

Now login on web interface.

http://your-machine-ip/nagios/

Its time to Play with Nagios configuration........ enjoy it ...

Wireless Issue -Dell Vostro 1520 - Fedora 11 (Broadcom corporation BCM 4312 802.11b/g (rev 01) )

2010-01-18T17:12:00.002+05:30

Wireless Issue -Dell Vostro 1520 - Fedora 11 (Broadcom corporation BCM 4312 802.11b/g (rev 01) )

#lspci

(with this command you can find the details)

First rum this command as a root user

# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm

Now update the system.

#yum update -y

Once everything installed run this command.

#yum install wl-kmod -y

After this reboot your system.
Hope your wirelss working.

:)

Skype in Fedora 11 audio + video sucessfully working

2010-01-08T15:34:00.002+05:30

After installation of Fedora 11

Run update ..like this.

#yum update -y

After this check rpm for skype.

[root@inf1sysadm1 Download]# rpm -qa | grep skype
skype-2.1.0.47-fc10.i586

Mean rpm insatlled... if not then download from this link..

http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-fc10

after download install like this..

[root@inf1sysadm1 Download]# rpm -ivh skype-2.1.0.47-fc10.i586.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:skype ########################################### [100%]

Now create your skype account and login.

Make test call for check audio + video.

*****Troubleshooting**********

1) Right click on skype then ---> option

from left side ...choose sound device.

Microphone :-- pulseAudio Server (local)
speaker :- pulseAudio Server (local)
Ringing :- pulseAudio Server (local)

As per my hardware i.e dell vostro 1510

You can make test call & sound from this menu as well.

2) If you found you Mic not working...then go in

System > preference > sound

in 3rd tab you able to see Input ... Adjust according to yours..... (min in middle)

Now Audio + video skype calls work for you....

Cheers....

vpnc: peer selected (single) DES as "encryption" method

2010-01-06T17:42:00.002+05:30

When you trying to vpnc and get following message

#vpnc abc

[root@inf1sysadm1 vpnc]# vpnc abc
vpnc: peer selected (single) DES as "encryption" method.
This algorithm is considered too weak today
If your vpn concentrator admin still insists on using DES
use the "--enable-1des" option

To resolve this simply use this command.

[root@inf1sysadm1 vpnc]# vpnc --enable-1des abc
VPNC started in background (pid: 9444)...

Hope this will work for you :)

cisco VPN .pcf file run under VPNC

2010-01-06T16:05:00.002+05:30

Through VPNC you can connect cisco vpn (.pcf) form Linux machine.
Make sure vpnc rpm installed on your machine.

1) #rpm -qa | grep vpnc

vpnc-0.5.3-3.fc11.i586

2) configure vpnc under /etc/vpnc
like this

[root@inf1sysadm1 vpnc]# cat raman (raman connection name)
IPSec gateway my.site.com.my
IPSec ID groupOther
IPSec obfuscated secret (****mentioned in pcf file****)
# your username goes here:
Xauth username raman
Xauth password (**password**)

3) After save the file run
#vpnc raman

[root@inf1sysadm1 vpnc]# vpnc raman
Connect Banner:
| Welcome to raman Enterprise Network via VPN
|
| You are connected as raman Contractors, Consultants, Vendors, etc.
|
| Unauthorized access is prohibited
| Violators will be prosecuted
| * You have been warned *

VPNC started in background (pid: 8811)...

This message show your connection established.

You can use following command for link status

#route -n

Now connect internal machines

4) ssh root@10.0.201.102 (internal ip)

Hope this will work for you.

Lvm on xen with full steps

2009-12-30T15:16:00.002+05:30

In this example,expanding the nagios machine (lvm size)
Use the following steps to expand VM size ( lvm expand)

1) #xm list (showning running VM)
[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 7269 4 r----- 4505.4
ind1basevm01 1 255 1 -b---- 17.3
ind1infra01 2 255 1 -b---- 17.4
nagios 4 256 1 -b---- 0.3

Showing 3 running virtual machines.

2)shut down the running VM (through login or use following command)

#xm shutdown nagios

3) use fdisk to check...

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/VmImage/nagios

Disk /dev/VmImage/nagios: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/VmImage/nagios1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/VmImage/nagios2 14 1958 15623212+ 8e Linux LVM

***now Disk size is 16.1GB***

4) Now expand the LVM size.

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# lvextend /dev/VmImage/nagios -L +2GB
Extending logical volume nagios to 17.00 GB
Logical volume nagios successfully resized

5) Now check again with fdisk.

[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/VmImage/nagios

Disk /dev/VmImage/nagios: 18.2 GB, 18253611008 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2219 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

*** you able to see 18.2GB (mean 2GB expand)***

6) Now start the VM

#xm create nagios
Using config file "/etc/xen/nagios".
Started domain nagios

7) # xm list
[root@inf1basevm01 ~]# xm list
Name ID Mem(MiB) VCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 7269 4 r----- 4505.4
ind1basevm01 1 255 1 -b---- 17.3
ind1infra01 2 255 1 -b---- 17.4
nagios 4 256 1 -b---- 0.3

Its show all 3 VM are up now.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now very important part....
Login as root on nagios machine (VM machine)

Run #fdisk -l and #df -h ( you got the difference)

Now run
#fdisk /dev/xvda (create partition)
according to yours.

use partprobe command or reboot the machine to make online disk.

#partprobe

After that run pvdisplay ( to check current physical volume)

#pvdisplay

Now create physical volume on /path/of/drive like following

# [root@nagios ~]# pvcreate /dev/xvda3
Physical volume "/dev/xvda3" successfully created
[root@nagios ~]# vgdisplay

Now run vg display for check volume group

#vgdisplay

Now extend you VG

#[root@nagios ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/xvda3
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended

**VolGroup00 is VG name**

#vgdisplay

Now extend you LVM

#lvdisplay

#[root@nagios ~]# lvextend /dev/VolGroup00/root -L +3.90GB
Rounding up size to full physical extent 3.91 GB
Extending logical volume root to 17.78 GB
Logical volume root successfully resized

Now run following command very carefully

#[root@nagios ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/root 17G
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/root to 4456448 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/root is now 4456448 blocks long.

***The resize2fs program will resize ext2 or ext3 file systems. It can be used to enlarge or shrink an unmounted file system located on device. If the filesystem is mounted, it can be used to expand the size of the mounted filesystem, assuming the kernel supports on-line resizing. (As of this writing, the Linux 2.6 kernel supports on-line resize for filesystems mounted using ext3 only.)*****

Now Run following command to check space.

[root@nagios ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-root
18G 1.1G 16G 7% /
/dev/xvda1 99M 21M 74M 22% /boot
tmpfs 129M 0 129M 0% /dev/shm

That's End of the story.........Hope this work for you.... Enjoy and have a nice day.

Ngaios HTTP WARNING: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

2009-12-29T16:23:00.002+05:30

To solve this..

simply create index.html file under http root directory.

#cd /var/www/html
#touch index.html

Restart web services.

#service httpd restart

Now restart you nagios services.

#/etc/init.d/nagios restart

After this you will see this meaasge on you nagios. (status information)

HTTP OK HTTP/1.1 200 OK - 265 bytes in 0.004 seconds.

Enjoy it.....

Fedora LVM partitions,mount through ubuntu Live CD.

2009-12-24T13:30:00.004+05:30

Use the following steps.

login as root like this--
$sudo su -

#apt-get install lvm2

#modprobe dm-mod

#vgchange -a y

#lvdisplay ( it will show you the lvm partition)

Now mount the LVM ...

#mkdir /tmp

#mount /dev/VolGroup00/Logvol00 /tmp

Now check /tmp dir for access data.

Enjoy......:)

Wireless Issue -Dell Vostro 1520 - Fedora 11 (Intel WiFi Link 5100)

2009-12-09T13:23:00.002+05:30

Since I have had large amount of hassles getting the wireless working with Intel WiFi Link 5100 wifi card on the Dell Vostro 1520 (wouldn't be the only affected model).

Problem:

Problem is that NetworkManager cannot find out if the killswitch is turned on or off so it assumes its off y default and disables the wireless.

Some other methods that half worked (could scan for available networks but could not join them) are:
wlassistant
wpa_supplicant (directly with config files)
traditional networking for wireless

To get working via all programs (NetworkManager included):

Step 1: Install the firmware of the wireless (iwl5000-firmware):
yum install iwl5000-firmware -y

Step 2: Disable dell_laptop kernel module:
modprobe -rv dell_laptop

Step 3: Stop dell_laptop kernel module from being automatically loaded on boot:
echo "blacklist dell_laptop" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Step 4: Start/Restart NetworkManager
/etc/init.d/NetworkManager restart
or
service NetworkManager restart

Step 5: Connect to a wireless network to verify all is working.

Hope this helps if you hit the same problem.

Special thanks to Kelly Reed.

Wireless Issue -Dell Vostro 1510 - Fedora 11

2009-12-09T13:20:00.000+05:30

Face wifi issue with dell vostro 1510 + fc11

#lspci (command output)

Network controller : Broadcom corporation BCM 4312 802.11b/g (rev 01)

This solution work for me:--

#rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm

#yum update

#yum install kmod-wl ( around 22MB )

Reboot the machine & Wireless connection work me.

upgrade centOS 5.3 to 5.4

2009-12-01T13:42:00.001+05:30

use the following steps for upgrade,

yum clean all
yum update glibc\*
yum update yum\* rpm\* python\*
yum clean all
yum update
shutdown -r now

After reboot check

#cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.4 (Final)

Done!!!!

Can't locate Net/SNMP.pm in @INC (@INC contains + Nagios

2009-11-18T10:18:00.002+05:30

If you get above error, and in your script syntax like this,

use strict;
use Net::SNMP;
use Getopt::Long;

Then use the following step to install Net SNMP

Solution :-- Login as a root user on machine.

#perl -MCPAN -e shell

cpan> install Bundle::CPAN

cpan[1]> reload cpan

cpan[1]> reload index

cpan[1]> install Net::SNMP

cpan[1]> install Getopt::Long

After all this try to execute your script ..hope your problem resolved.

VNC client on a linux machine

2009-11-11T15:06:00.002+05:30

#yum install tigervnc

then type
#vncviewer hit enter

a box open for you ... enter the hostname & hit enter.

then dialog prompting you for a password. enter the passwd and enter

Now RDP connection open for you.

Linux Remote desktop for manage window machine

2009-11-11T14:51:00.002+05:30

Manage window xp/vista/server2003

Make sure rdesktop package installed on your linux machine.

to insatll rdesktop use following command

# yum install rdesktop

Now use following command to connect window machine

#rdesktop ipaddress of window machine

#rdesktop 10.11.131.11

But make sure Remote desktop enable on window machine. to enable RDP use following steps.

# Right Click on My Computer
# Select properties
# Select Remote tab
# Enable Remote desktop.
# Save the changes.

Cheers...... :)

Reflash the firmware using the tftp method for Linksys wet54gl

2009-08-11T14:08:00.002+05:30

*
Configure your PC with a static IP address between 192.168.1.2 and 192.168.1.254. E. g. 192.168.1.2 (gateway and DNS is not required).
*
Download the openwrt-wrt54g-squashfs.bin firmware image to your PC
*
Execute the TFTP commands (the commands are for Linux) below:

tftp 192.168.1.1
tftp> binary
tftp> trace
tftp> put openwrt-wrt54g-squashfs.bin

*
Plug the power on and the TFTP transfer should start immediately
*
Wait 2 minutes. The router will reboot itself automatically after the upgrade is complete.
*
You are done! You should be able to telnet to your router (IP address: 192.168.1.1) and start configuring.

Fatal error, run database recovery

2009-07-17T10:43:00.002+05:30

If you get this error while installing new packages or through yum install pkg*

[root@inf1sysadm1 Download]# rpm -ivh thunderbird-2.0.0.18-2.fc11.i386.rpm
rpmdb: Thread/process 3301/3085969184 failed: Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db4 error(-30974) from dbenv->failchk: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - (-30974)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
rpmdb: Thread/process 3301/3085969184 failed: Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db4 error(-30974) from dbenv->failchk: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm

Try this solution :---

# rm /var/lib/rpm/__db*

# rpmdb --rebuilddb (wait for complete)

Now your problem solved... :)

/var/cache/yum/updates/metalinks.xml does not exist

2009-07-06T16:49:00.001+05:30

After FC11 upgrade, software update is failing

Run Following command

#yum clean all

After that

#yum update

Hope your problem resolved.

Samba session setup failed: NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE

2009-06-05T14:04:00.002+05:30

If you face problem while access samba in window machine follow the following steps.

Login on ur linux box....

run this command.

[root@rk ~]# smbclient -L localhost or machine ip 10.1.7.105
Enter root's password:
session setup failed: NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE (if u get this msg)

Make sure your firwall stop..
#iptables -L ( to see current rules)
#iptables -F ( to delete are rules)

now restart samba services.
#service smb restart

now check ...it working for you.

To customize your smb.conf you can use following:-

[global]
workgroup = raman
server string = Samba Server Version %v
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 50
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
cups options = raw
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes

[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
printable = yes

[media]
path = /media
writeable = yes
valid users = test

Cheers..... enjoy..........

mod_rewrite Not Working in .htaccess

2009-05-26T19:43:00.001+05:30

I faced a hair-tearing problem. mod_rewrite was loaded and yet it was not working in .htaccess files (and httpd.conf initially). Here is the solution along with how you can debug mod_rewrite problems.

Debugging procedure:
Add these two line to your httpd.conf immediately after RewriteEngine On.
RewriteLog "/var/log/httpd/rewrite_log"
RewriteLogLevel 9
After that I added the required RewriteRule etc.

The reason for testing directly in httpd.conf is to ensure that mod_rewrite is working in the first place. After some debugging I realized my expression was wrong. So now I found mod_rewrite was working in httpd.conf. However it still wasn't working in .htaccess files.

Solution:
I found AllowOverride was set to None in httpd.conf. I changed it to All (after all I am the only user of the machine). And it finally started working everywhere (after a restart).

Logical volume Manager (LVM)

2009-04-07T16:16:00.000+05:30

Logical volume Manager

1st we will create create partition called PV (Physical Volume)

IMP:-- Patition type of this PV should be 8e (u can chage through fdisk than press t)

Now prepare new partition for LVM

#pvcreate /dev/hda10 /dev/hda11 /dev/hda12

revert this last action for training purposes

#pvremove /dev/hda10 /dev/hda11 /dev/hda12

To see current state of PV

#pvdisplay

Now create Volume group (vg)

#vgcreate raman /dev/hda10 /dev/hda11 /dev/hda12

Behind the scenes, the LVM system allocates storage in equal-sized "chunks", called extents. We can specify the particular extent size to use at volume group creation time. The size of an extent defaults to 4Mb, which is perfect for most uses.You can use the -s flag to change the size of the extent. The extent affects the minimum size of changes which can be made to a logical volume in the volume group, and the maximum size of logical and physical volumes in the volume group. A logical volume can contain at most 65534 extents, so the default extent size (4 MB) limits the volume to about 256 GB; a size of 1 TB would require extents of atleast 16 MB. So to accomodate a 1 TB size, the above command can be rewriten as :

# vgcreate -s 16M my_vol_grp /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2

To see current state of VG

#vgdisplay

Now create LV (logical volume)

#lvcreate -L 500M -n raman1 raman

(-L logical size, -n Logical vol name)

To see current state of VG

#lvdisplay

Format

#mkfs.ext3 /dev/raman/raman1

#mount /dev/raman/raman1 /data

do not forget to append the corresponding line in the /etc/fstab

/dev/raman/raman1 /data ext3 defaults 0 0

For Extend LV

#lvextend -L 275M /dev/raman/raman1

#ext2online /dev/raman/raman1

#df -h (for check)

config.inc.php in Phpmyadmin configuration

2009-03-12T14:18:00.000+05:30

/*
* This is needed for cookie based authentication to encrypt password in
* cookie
*/
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'LAMP'; /* YOU SHOULD CHANGE THIS FOR A MORE SECURE COOKIE AUTH! */

/*
* Servers configuration
*/
$i = 0;

/*
* First server
*/
$i++;

/* Authentication type and info */
# commented out by lampp security
#$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = '';

/* User for advanced features */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = '';

/* Advanced phpMyAdmin features */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma_bookmark';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma_relation';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma_table_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma_table_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma_pdf_pages';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma_column_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma_history';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_coords'] = 'pma_designer_coords';

/*
* End of servers configuration
*/

?>

How can we enable fsockopen function in PHP

2009-02-19T16:57:00.005+05:30

To check fsock function,Open your php.ini

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Fopen wrappers ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Whether to allow the treatment of URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files.
allow_url_fopen = On (Make sure this is ON)

; Define the anonymous ftp password (your email address)
;from="abc@com"

; Default timeout for socket based streams (seconds)
default_socket_timeout = 60

With this script you can check your fsock functionalty.

vi test.php (under web server dir) Run this script...

$fp = fsockopen ("localhost", 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)
\n";
}else
{
echo "connected";
}

fclose ($fp);
?>

If you get connected message ..that mean you fsock function enable.

Linux syslog server & window agent

2009-01-05T15:00:00.002+05:30

To configure a syslog log server... follow thses steps.

Edit syslog.conf

#vi /etc/syslog.conf

#for window use this setting
local7.* /var/log/win2k/win.log

save the file.

(manullay create dir & file... win2k/win.log)

After that Edit /etc/sysconfig/syslog

#vi /etc/sysconfig/syslog

Find term SYSLOGD_OPTIONS... use following term to allow remote host connect to server.

SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 -r -x"

Save the file & restart the services.

#service syslog restart

or

#/etc/init.d/syslog restart

After that download Syslog agent for window.
use following link for download.

http://www.syslogserver.com/download.html (download Datagram SyslogAgent )

or

http://www.intersectalliance.com/projects/SnareWindows/index.html#Download

I tried both and both are working for me.

I guide you few steps for Snare, follow these.

After installation.

– Click start, programs, Intersect Alliance, Snare for Windows
– Network Configuration
– Destination Snare Server address (set this to the linux server ip address).
– Destination Port: 514
– SYSLOG Facility: Local7
– SYSLOG Priority: Information

Click Change Configuration.

Click Apply the Latest Audit Configuration (on the left hand side).
Ok, the Windows part is done.

Now do some changes in your window box....all log are captured in syslog server.
You can check the file through

#less /var/log/win2k/win.log

Hope this work for you. Enjoy...

How send email attachments from a command prompt?

2008-12-30T18:20:00.002+05:30

With Mutt tool you can perform this task.

Make sure Mutt RPM are installed on your systems.

Use following command to check RPM.

#rpm -qa | grep mutt

You can check the status.

Now...... Use following command to send a attachment file.

# mutt -s "Test mail" -a /root/install.log raman36127@gmail.com < /tmp/mailmessage.txt

:--raman36127@gmail.com - is the recipient
:--/tmp/mailmessage.txt - is the main body of the e-mail (read message from the file "mailmessage.txt")
:--/root/install.log - is an attachment (with option -a)
:-- "Test mail" - is a subject line (option -s)

Hope this work for you.............

Enjoy.............

Mysql databses Backup & restore

2008-10-05T14:43:00.006+05:30

Database backup command.
You can use mysqldump command to take backup of your databases.
#mysqldump -h mysqlpc -u raman -p kumar testdata > testdata.sql
[-h] = host machine ..specify if u want.
[-u] = this is your database username
[-p] = this is the password for your database
[testdata] = the name of your database
[testdata.sql] = the file to which the backup should be written.

Multiple database backup.

If you want to specify the databases to backup, you can use the --databases parameter followed by the list of databases you would like to backup. Each database name has to be separated by at least one space when you type in the command. So if you have to backup 3 databases, let say Customers, Orders and Comments, you can issue the following command to back them up.
#mysqldump -u root -p pass21 --databases Customers Orders Comments > multibackup.sql

This is okay if you have a small set of databases you want to backup. Now how about backing up all the databases in the server? That's an easy one, just use the --all-databases parameter to backup all the databases in the server in one step.
#mysqldump --all-databases> alldatabases.sql

A Shell Script for Automating Backups?
You can automate the backup process by making a small shell script which will create a daily backup file. How do you get cron to back up your database without overwriting the older backup? You can use a tiny shell script to add the date to your backup file. An example of a shell script you could use is shown below.
#!/bin/sh
date=`date -I`
mysqldump --all-databases gzip > /var/backup/backup-$date.sql.gz

Restore your databases.
Make sure database name available on your machine.. To check use folowing command.
#mysql -u root -p (mysql password)
After login use following command to check databases name.
mysql>show databases;
If database name available that fine if not the create database ..use following command to create database
mysql > create database testdata;
After that quit from mysql....now use followig command to restore your database.
#mysql -u root -p **** testdata < /opt/backup/testdata.sql
Your database restore sucessfully...now u can check.

mysql> create database raman;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant usage on raman.* to vendor@localhost identified by 'addbnm#83';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on raman.* to vendor@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@raman ~]# mysql -u vendor -p raman
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.0.77 Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

SSL Certificate » SSL on XAMPP

2008-08-05T15:38:00.007+05:30

Self Signed Certificate It is supposed you have already installed XAMPP wit apache and SSL support and you just wish to change certificate detailsIt means:-your server will display what you will write in your certificate-your certificate will be presented as been untrusted. It is not the case if your company is registered as being SSL provider. You need access as root on the server.Open ssh connection or open a console and login as root.
1) Create a temporary folder and go to that folder (it is not mandatory as long as you know where you are and what filw will be created)
# mkdir temp-ssl
#cd temp-ssl
2) create private key file (PK)Will be created server.key file
#openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus....++++++............++++++e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key: HERE YOU MUST ENTERE A PHARSE (keep in mind, you will need it lated !!!!)Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:
3) create a certificate request file (CSR)Will be created server.csr
# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key: ENTER THE SAME PHARSE as aboveYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporatedinto your certificate request.What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blankFor some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.-----Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:NSWLocality Name (eg, city) []:SydneyOrganization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:OLALA.COM.AU(TM)Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:SSLCommon Name (eg, YOUR name) []:AdministratorEmail Address []:ssladmin@olala.com.auPlease enter the following 'extra' attributesto be sent with your certificate requestA challenge password []:ENTERE A PASSWORDAn optional company name []:OLALA.COM.AU

You can see the details of this CSR by using following command
#openssl req -noout -text -in server.csr

4) Remove password protection from server.key You need it unless you wish to enter it any time apache start.
Do not do it so ... save secured key in a safe place, make a copy of it and unprotect itYou will have two files:server.key.secure (keep it in a safe place)server.key - you will need it
# cp server.key server.key.secure
# openssl rsa -in server.key.secure -out server.key

How do I verify that a private key matches its Certificate?

The `modulus' and the `public exponent' portions in the key and the Certificate must match

#openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in server.crt | openssl md5
#openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in server.key | openssl md5

(For wildcard commadn used ***
#openssl pkcs12 -in rkwild.pfx -out rkwild.pem
viriawild.pem
vi server.key
#openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key ) wildcard ssl.

5) Generate the certificate file (CRT)you will have server.crt - you will need it
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Signature oksubject=/C=AU/ST=NSW/L=Sydney/O=OLALA.COM.AU(TM)/OU=SSL/CN=Administrator/emailAddress=ssladmin@olala.com.auGetting Private keyEnter pass phrase for server.key: ENTER PHARSE - the same like you entered at point 2) and 3
(6) Based on assumption you have /opt/lamppcopy as following (OVERWRITE)
#cp server.key in /opt/lampp/etc/ssl.key/server.key
#cp server.crt in /opt/lampp/etc/ssl.crt/server.crt
7) Restart apache
#/opt/lampp/lampp restart apache
Now all your websites hosted and accessed via https will show your self signed SSL certificate.

For test cert (30-09-08)
for certificate key generation from csr
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout server.key -out cert.crt
************************************************************************************

1) make sure use dedicated ip for ssl.

take the back up of original httpd-ssl.conf, & make ur httpd-ssl.conf

#vi httpd-ssl.conf

Listen 443
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
SSLSessionCache dbm:/var/run/ssl_scache
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
SSLMutex file:/var/run/ssl_mutex
SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512
# SSLLog /usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_engine_log
# SSLLogLevel info
SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL

NameVirtualHost 192.168.11.238

ServerAdmin webmaster@abc.com
DocumentRoot /path/of/site
ServerName abc.xyz.com
ServerAlias www.abc.xyz.com
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
SSLCertificateFile /path/of/abc.xyz.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /server/server.key
SSLCACertificateFile /path/of/CA_bundle.crt
SSLEngine on
SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

SSLOptions +StdEnvVars

And in host file make sure entry like this,

NameVirtualHost 192.168.11.235:80

ServerAdmin webmaster@infoproworld.com
DocumentRoot /a/b/c/site.com
ServerName site.com
ErrorLog logs/www.site.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.site.com-access_log common

Save the file .... restart the services

#/opt/lampp/lampp restart

Add swap file in LInux

2008-07-31T19:00:00.002+05:30

In my exapmle i increase 512mb RAM and create 1 gb swap space for it. Not use another hdd. But i strongly recommend alwayz use HDD.

create swap file use this cmd.
#dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1022976 (*999mb)
#mkswap /swapfile
enable swap file immeditae
#swapon /swapfile

For parament save entry in /etc/fstab file. like this
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

This work for you.

Concurrent Version System (CVS)

2008-07-21T17:24:00.003+05:30

CVS Installation.

In order to setup a Concurrent Versioning System (CVS) server on the system, follow these steps:

Make a cvs user with a home directory as well as create a new group called cvs:
```
groupadd cvs
useradd cvs -g cvs
```
Create repository # cvs -d /usr/local/cvsroot init *** (my changes)
Change owner and group of repository and all files to cvs:
```
chown -R cvs.cvs /usr/local/cvsroot  *****(my chages)
```
Set the CVSROOT variable. This will be /home/cvs since a cvs user was created and its home directory will be used. Set this variable in /etc/profile by adding the the following to the end of the file:
```
export CVSROOT=/home/cvs
```
Then set the permissions for /usr/bin/cvs so it can be executed at startup:
```
chmod 2755 /usr/bin/cvs
```

Finally, add the following to the file /etc/xinetd.d/cvspserver

service cvspserver
{
       disable            = no
       socket_type    = stream
       wait                = no
       user                = cvs
       group              = cvs
       log_type          = FILE /var/log/cvspserver
       protocol          = tcp
       env                 = '$HOME=/home/cvs'
       bind                = 10.10.10.10
       log_on_failure  += USERID
       port                = 2401
       server             = /usr/bin/cvs
       server_args     = -f --allow-root=/usr/local/cvsroot pserver
}

Note: On the line that states the bind IP address: "bind = 10.10.10.10", replace "10.10.10.10" with the IP address to be used.

Make sure restart service : service xinetd restart or /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S56xinetd restart
Check the CVS using the following command telnet 2401 or check port open with Brut (port scanning tool)
Add the users allowed to access the cvs into the cvs group by doing the following:
```
make passwd file in usr/local/cvsroot/CVSROOT/passwd
```

add user with htpasswd command & make sure with cvs group. passwd file format is username:passwd:group

To access this CVS server from another computer, do the following:
```
export CVSROOT=:pserver:abc@*.*.*.*:/usr/local/svcroot
cvs login
```

Another command which i used.

import project (1st time)

#cvs -d /usr/local/cvsroot import samba(my e.g) samba21072008 start

#ls -l /usr/local/current/samba

now move or delete project (samba) to avoide bypass.

#pwd
/etc/samab/
#cd ..
#cvs co samba

now u can work on /etct/samba

after do chages in any files run

#cvs checkout samba

#cvs update

# cvs commit ( for parmament save and add ur comment)

for see changes u can use this command.

#cvs -nq update

How add dir and files in cvs.

suppose u work in /etc/samba/

#mkdir new
#cvs add new

Message show /usr/local/cvsroot/samaba/new added to repository.

For add any file.
# cd new
#touch a.text
#cvs add a.txt (use * for multiple text file)
#cvs update
#cvs commit (add ur comment)

now your text file sucessfully added in repository.

help full links are ( www.in.redhat.com,http://www.taursys.com/howto/cvs/,http://www.idevelopment.info/)

Recover / Changes Root password in Mysql

2008-07-19T11:00:00.002+05:30

First stop the mysql service.
#/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
start server mysql without password.
#mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
#mysql -u root
mysql > use mysql;
mysql > update user set password=passwd(******) where user="root";
>flush privileges;
>quit;

Now start the services.
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
Now you can login with new passwd.
#mysql -u root -p

Script for Tar your backup and SCP

2008-07-18T18:58:00.002+05:30

Use this script as it is as..only chage ur host and backup location.

vi backup.sh (give it exectuable permission )
#chmod 755 backup.sh (for execute)

vi backup.sh
HOST=1.2.3.4
USER=root
PASSWD=*******
DATE=`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`
TIME=`/bin/date +%H`
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
#mysqldump -c -B -uroot -pfoobar DB1 DB2 mysql > data.sql && (in case if u use mysql database ) in my case i am not use so use # (disable)
tar zcvf $DATE.$TIME.$HOSTNAME.tar.gz /tmp > /dev/null && (i use /tmp dir which i used for my backup)
scp *.tar.gz $HOST:/home/raman/ (remot path)
#$DATE.$TIME.$HOSTNAME.tar.gz ;: (disable)

Just drop me a mail if you face any problem.....at..... raman38192@gmail.com

SSH and SCP Without Password

2008-07-18T18:57:00.000+05:30

SSH and scp without password.

Make sure id_rsa.pub key available in your destination.

For eg. you connect A to B

Run
#ssh-keygen -t rsa (A box)

Generated keys in /root/.ssh dir

copy id_rsa.pub key

and paste it in box B.

make sure /root/.ssh/authorized_keys file is avaialble if not u create it manually.

and paste in this file.

Now u can login in box without asking a password.

Hope this doc work for you.

LINUX,APACHE,PHP & MYSQL

2008-04-30T10:52:00.002+05:30

For intsallation
#yum install apache
#yum install php
#yum install mysql-server mysql

Open configuration file of apache server.
#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
a)search Load module
LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so
b)Search directoryIndex
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php
c) search AddType
AddType application/x-httpd-php.php
save the file
and restart apche service.
Open config file of PHP
#vi /etc/php.ini
a) search doc_root
doc_root="/var/www/html"
b) search file_uploads
file_uploads=off
Open config file of mysql
#vi /etc/my.cnf
service restart.
you can point your browser to http://localhost and you should see a welcome page

To test if php is running, go to /var/www/html and create an index.php file with the content belowand refresh your browser again

SEND MAIL SERVER

2008-04-03T08:03:00.003+05:30

MTA:-> Mail transport agentProtocol used in mail server.
SMTP:- Simple mail transfer protocol..which work on 25 port number. Used for sending the mail.
Incoming mail :-- user have mail account on mail server, then user connect to via a mail server using a MUA i.e mail user agent like outlook,evolution and command line tool like mutt.
protocol used for pop 110 (popst office protocol) or imap 143 (internet mail access protocol).

Installing Sendmail.
packages are required sendmail-cf, sendmail
#service sendmail restart
configuration file for sendmail.
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf original conf file but very hard to configure understand.
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc This is macro file which is used to configure mail server.

edit this file... vi sendmail.mc
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA') dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=ur server ip, Name=MTA') dnl
save the file and run this command
m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

#Service sendmail retstart
#pgrep sendmail
#netstat -an grep : 25

For test sendmail working or not
#telnet ur server ip 25
quit

#/etc/mail/access :- This file control for which network can use this mail server as an outgoing mail server.This file has two coloume
1st for ip or hostname and 2nd used for action in which keyboard like RELAY,OK,REJECT,DISCARD
#/etc/mail/localhostname
raman.net.in
whenever you change in anyfile run this cmd #make
#/etc/aliases :-- used for redirect your mail. two field
1 for actual user: 2 for which user
To activate the changes run this command #newaliases
Install Dovecot for pop or imap
#/etc/dovecot.conf
protocol = imap imaps pop3 pop3s
service dovecot restart

Making an initrd Image

2008-02-18T10:44:00.005+05:30

An initrd image is needed for loading your SCSI module at boot time or if you are compiling the kernel with ext3 support as a module. If you do not need an initrd image, do not make one and do not edit lilo.conf or grub.conf to include this image.
Use the /sbin/mkinitrd shell script to build an initrd image for your machine. To use this command, the loopback block device must be available.
To build the new initrd image, run /sbin/mkinitrd with parameters such as this:
/sbin/mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-0.12-jul2001.img 2.4.18-0.12-jul2001
In the above example, /boot/initrd-2.4.18-0.12-jul2001.img is the file name of the new initrd image. 2.4.18-0.12-jul2001 is the kernel whose modules (from /lib/modules) should be used in the initrd image. This is not necessarily the same as the version number of the currently running kernel.
Refer:- http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.3-Manual/custom-guide/s1-custom-kernel-initrd.html

Difference Between LILO and GRUB.
1) GRUB (Grand Unified boot loader) most important ability to navigate file system,so you can read file without loading a kernal.
2)LILO (Linux Loader) has no interactive command interface,whereas GRUB does.
3) LILO does not support booting from a network,whereas GRUB does.
4) LILO stores information regarding the location of the operating systems it can to load physically on the MBR. If you change your LILO config file, you have to rewrite the LILO stage one boot loader to the MBR. Compared with GRUB, this is a much more risky option since a misconfigured MBR could leave the system unbootable. With GRUB, if the configuration file is configured incorrectly, it will simply default to the GRUB command-line interface

Port number list.
Go to this link:-- http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

Using TCP Wrappers to secure Linux

2008-01-29T16:00:00.000+05:30

The TCP wrappers package (tcp_wrappers) is installed by default under Red Hat Linux and provides host-based access control to network services. The most important component within the package is the /usr/lib/libwrap.a library. In general terms, a TCP wrapped service is one that has been compiled against the libwrap.a library

TCP Wrappers can be used to GRANT or DENY access to various services on your machine to the outside network or other machines on the same network. It does this by using simple Access List Rules which are included in the two files /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny .

Let us consider this scenario: A remote machine remote_mc trying to connect to your local machine local_mc using ssh.

When the request from the remote_mc is received by the tcp wrapped service (SSH in this case), it takes the following basic steps:

It checks the /etc/hosts.allow file and applies the first rule specified for that service. If it finds a matching rule , it allows the connection. If no rule is found, it moves on to step 2.

It checks the /etc/hosts.deny file and if a matching rule is found, it deny's the connection.

Password, Shadow and Group files Description in Linux

2008-01-29T15:18:00.000+05:30

1) What is Password file?
Passwd file is a text file, that contains a list of the system's accounts, giving for each account some useful information like user ID, group ID, home directory, shell, etc.
2) Password file format
account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell

* username
* encrypted password (or x if shadow passwords are in use)
* UID
* default GID
* real name (also known as the GECOS field)
* home directory
* default shell

3) What is Shadow file?
shadow file contains the encrypted password information for user's accounts and optional the password aging information.
4) Shadow file format
smithj:Ep6mckrOLChF.:10063:0:99999:7:::
if shadow passwords are being used, the /etc/shadow file contains users' encrypted passwords and other information about the passwords. It fields are colon-separated as for /etc/passwd, and are as follows:
* username
* encrypted password
* Days since Jan 1, 1970 that password was last changed
* Days before password may be changed
* Days after which password must be changed
* Days before password is to expire that user is warned
* Days after password expires that account is disabled
* Days since Jan 1, 1970 that account is disabled
* A reserved field

The password expiry related fields are modified by the change program.

5) What is Group file?
group file is an ASCII file which defines the groups to which users belong. There is one entry per line, and each line has the format
All three files are located in /etc directory and we will see each one this file detailed
6) Group file format
group_name:passwd:GID:user_list
The /etc/group file consists of group records, one to a line. Each record contains multiple fields, separated by colons (:). The fields are:
* group name
* encrypted group password (or x if shadow passwords are in use)
* GID
* group members' usernames, comma-separated

How do I telnet as the root user

2008-01-29T08:05:00.000+05:30

modify your /etc/pam.d/login and /etc/pam.d/remote files.In this file, the first line:
auth required pam_securetty.so
comment out the first auth line so that your /etc/pam.d/login looks like this:.
#%PAM-1.0
#Commented out below line in order to allow root access for telnet
#auth required pam_securetty.so
Once you save these changes, you should be able to telnet to your system as the root user.

Linux file Types

2008-01-28T15:51:00.000+05:30

"Unix systems,everything is a file: if something is not a file,it is process."A linux system, just like unix ,makes no difference between a file and a directory,since a directory just a file containig names of other files.
File type in a long list:-
- Regular file
d Directory
l Link
c Special file (character (unbuffered) device file special )
s Socket
p Named pipe
b Block device

for more information:- http://www.comptechdoc.org/os/linux/usersguide/linux_ugfilesp.html

Access control list

2008-01-28T15:02:00.000+05:30

An access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object. The list specifies who or what is allowed to access the object and what operations are allowed to be performed on the object. In a typical ACL, each entry in the list specifies a subject and an operation: for example, the entry (Alice, delete) on the ACL for file XYZ gives Alice permission to delete file XYZ.
In an ACL-based security model, when a subject requests to perform an operation on an object, the system first checks the list for an applicable entry in order to decide whether or not to proceed with the operation.

Definitions

User class The conventional POSIX permission concept uses three classes of
users for assigning permissions in the le system: the owner, the owning
group, and other users. Three permission bits can be set for each user
class, giving permission to read (r), write (w), and execute (x). An introduction
to the user concept in Linux is provided in the User Guide in the
section Users and Access Permissions.

Access ACL The user and group access permissions for all kinds of le system
objects (les and directories) are determined by means of access ACLs.

Default ACL Default ACLs can only be applied to directories. They determine
the permissions a le system object inherits from its parent directory
when it is created.

ACL entry Each ACL consists of a set of ACL entries. An ACL entry contains a
type (see Table B.1 on the following page), a qualier for the user or group
to which the entry refers, and a set of permissions. For some entry types,
the qualier for the group or users is undened.

*For more information go through with following link:-

http://www.suse.de/~agruen/acl/chapter/fs_acl-en.pdf

Linux Software Installation Method

2007-07-19T17:17:00.001+05:30

Linux Package Installation
The most common ways of geeting packages are by manually using FTP or a web browser.
Common download sites are:--
Redhat :--- http://www.redhat.com/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
Fedora :--- ftp://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/
http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/

Automated Package Download
Fedora use YUM utilities for automated download and update.
Getting Software using :--- wget
wget command can be used to download files quickly when you already know the URL at which the RPM is located. for example look below:--
[root@raman home]# wget http://linux.stanford.edu/pub/mirrors/fedora/linux/core/2/i386/os/Fedora/RPMS/dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm
--17:38:36-- ftp://linux.stanford.edu/pub/mirrors/fedora/linux/core/2/i386/os/Fedora/RPMS/dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm
=> `dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm.5'
Resolving linux.stanford.edu... done.
Connecting to linux.stanford.edu[171.66.2.18]:21... connected.
Logging in as anonymous ... Logged in!
==> SYST ... done. ==> PWD ... done.
==> TYPE I ... done. ==> CWD /pub/mirrors/fedora/linux/core/2/i386/os/Fedora/RPMS ... done.
==> PASV ... done. ==> RETR dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm ... done.
Length: 529,890 (unauthoritative)

100%[===============================>] 529,890 889.12K/s ETA 00:00

17:38:36 (889.12 KB/s) - `dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm.5' saved [529890]

How to Install Source RPMs

download your desired RPM:--
[root@ raman home]# rpm -ivh ******-3.23.58-9.i386.rpm
How to List Installed RPMs
[root@ raman home]# rpm -qa (packages-name)

Uninstalling RPMs
[root@ raman home]# rpm -e (packages-name)

Installing Software Using tar
[root@raman home]# tar -xvzf linux-software-1.3.1.tar.gz
[root@raman home]# cd linux-software-1.3.1
Use the cd command to enter the subdirectory and follow the directions listed in the INSTALL and README files

Linux Networking

2007-07-06T17:02:00.001+05:30

How Linux Machine boot.
1) The boot loader find the kernal image on the disk,load it into memory and start it.
2)The kernal initialize the device and its drivers.
3)The kernal mount the root file systems.
4)The kernal starts a program called init.
5)init set the rest of the process in motion
6)The last process that init start as part of the boot sequence allow u to log in.

Linux Networking
How Change your ip Address
[root@raman home]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
(up end the command activate your lan card).
The Configuration file located in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
entry like this:--
[root@raman ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.3

Dns entry file located in /etc/resolve.conf
entry like this:-
[root@raman ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.3
nameserver 192.168.1.4

How you diable or enable your Lan card.
[root@raman home]# ifdown eth0
ifdown command disable your lan card.

[root@raman home]# ifup eth0
ifup command up yours lan card.

How you see your routing tables.
[root@raman ~]# route -n

Diffrence between Linux and Fedora

2007-07-02T11:58:00.000+05:30

What is Linux.
Linux is the core or kernal of a free operating systems.
What is Fedora
Fedora is an operating systems based on the Linux kernal,created,improved and distributed by the Fedora Project at http://fedora.redhat.com.

Linux Topics & Services Help

2007-06-15T12:33:00.000+05:30

question:-- what is linux
Answer:-- Linux is a free open-source operating system based on Unix. Linux was originally created by Linus Torvalds

Services in linux.

Linux Services, Devices, and Deamons. Linux Startup Services:. Startup services are services run at boot time. runlevels, and rc.d scripts -- article related to System Administration.